Jatropha multifida L.

Coralbush (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Jatropha

Characteristics

A completely glabrous and eglandular shrub or small tree up to 6 m. tall.. Stems semisucculent, emitting a white latex when cut.. Leaves long-petiolate; leaf-blade (9–)11(–12)-palmatipartite, the lobes ranging from simple and lanceolate to deeply pinnatipartite, the median lobe up to 20 cm. long and 9 cm. wide, the laterals the same or slightly smaller, acutely long-acuminate or subcaudate, sometimes aristate, the lobes and their lateral segments entire, confluent into a narrowly cordate basal disc, glaucous beneath; petiole 10–20(–30) cm. long.. Stipules multifid, 1–2 cm. long, the ultimate segments setaceous.. Inflorescences tightly corymbiform, up to 28 cm. long, with a clear scape up to 23 cm. long; bracts lanceolate, 2(–4) mm. long, acute, entire.. Male flowers: calyx-lobes broadly ovate, 1 mm. long, somewhat erose at the apex, otherwise entire; petals obovate-oblong, 5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. wide, rounded at the apex, scarlet; disc-glands free, ± turbinate, rounded; stamens 8, 5 mm. long, the filaments quite free, anthers linear-oblong, sagittate, 2 mm. long.. Female flowers: calyx-lobes as in ♂; petals ± as in ♂, but up to 9 mm. long; disc-glands free, flattened, ± truncate; ovary ellipsoid-trigonous, 3 mm. long, 2 mm. diameter; styles united at the base, 2.5 mm. long, stigmas capitate, bilobed.. Fruit somewhat pyriform, trilobed, 3 cm. long, ± 3 cm. diameter, tapered at the base, truncate at the apex, the lobes slightly keeled, tardily septicidally dehiscent to subdrupaceous.. Seeds broadly ovoid-ellipsoid to subglobose, triangular-convex in section, 1.7–2 cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, buff, mottled brownish.
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Shrubs or trees, to 7 m, monoecious. Stems erect, yellow-brown, sparsely branched, woody-succulent, glabrous; short shoots absent; latex viscous, cloudy-whitish. Leaves persistent or drought-deciduous, mostly borne on or near branch tips; stipules persistent, (3–)6–15(–25) mm, filiform-divided; petiole 11–29 cm, not stipitate-glandular; blade ovate-cordate in outline, 16–30 × 10–22 cm, deeply 9–11-lobed nearly to base, base rounded, margins incised, apex acuminate, membranous, surfaces glabrous; venation palmate. Inflorescences bisexual, terminal and subterminal, cymes; peduncle 12–30 cm; bracts 2–4.5 mm, margins entire, glabrous. Pedicels 3.5–6 mm. Staminate flowers: sepals connate to 1/2 length, ovate, 1.5–3 × 1–1.2 mm, margins entire, apex round, surfaces glabrous; corolla orange-red, campanulate, petals distinct, 5–7 × 2.5–3 mm, surfaces glabrous; stamens 8 in 1 whorl; filaments distinct, 2.2–2.5 mm. Pistillate flowers resembling staminate, but sepals 2–3.5 × 1.1–1.3 mm; petals 6–8.2 × 2–3.2 mm; carpels (1–)3; styles distinct, 1–1.2 mm. Capsules ellipsoidal, winged, 3–3.4 × 2.7–2.9 cm, tardily dehiscent. Seeds yellow to light brown, mottled with dark brown spots or stripes, spheric, 14–18 mm; caruncle rudimentary. 2n = 22 (Puerto Rico).
Shrubs or treelets, 2-3(-6) m tall; stems glabrous. Stipules divided into forked setiform, to 2 cm; petiole 10-25 cm; leaf blade orbicular in outline, 10-30 cm wide, green adaxially, gray-green abaxially, glabrous on both surfaces, margin palmately 9-11-lobed, lobes entire; venation pinnate. Inflorescences terminal; peduncle 13-20 cm; pedicels short; flowers dense. Male flowers: calyx 2-3 mm, lobes 5, rotund, glabrous; sepals 5, spatulate, red, ca. 4 mm; stamens 8; filaments connate at base; anthers elongate. Female flowers: calyx as in male; sepals 6-7 mm, red; ovary glabrous; styles 3, connate in lower 1/2. Capsules ellipsoidal to obovate, ca. 3 cm, glabrous. Fl. Jul-Dec, fr. Sep-Feb.
A tree like shrub. It is succulent and keeps growing from year to year. It grows to 7 m high and spread to 4 m across. The stem is simple and has few branches. The stem is stocky and 3-6 cm thick. The leaves are rounded and with 7-15 lobes. This means the leaves are finely divided. The leaves are 20-40 cm across and leaflets 4-8 cm across. The flowers are small and bright red. They are on long stalks and many occur together. The flowers are 5 mm across. The fruit is a capsule 3-4 cm across. They contain up to 3 seeds.
Male flowers: pedicels up to 1 cm long, coral-red; calyx c. 2 mm long; calyx lobes c. 1 × 1 mm, broadly ovate, rounded and erose at the apex, otherwise entire, red; petals c. 5 × 2 mm, oblong-oblanceolate, rounded, scarlet; disk glands 5, free, turbinate, rounded; stamens 8, 4 mm long, filaments free, anthers 2 mm long, oblong-linear, sagittate.
Leaf blades up to 20 × 30 cm, (9)10–12-palmatipartite, bright green above, glaucous beneath; the lobes up to 15–17 × 7 cm, narrowly lanceolate or irregularly pinnatipartite, acutely long-acuminate, sometimes aristate, entire, confluent into a narrowly cordate basal disk; lateral nerves numerous.
Female flowers: pedicels 2 mm long; calyx and petals resembling those of the male, but c. 1.5 times larger; disk 2.5 mm in diameter, flattened, 5-lobed, with lobes rounded-truncate; ovary 3 × 2 mm, trigonous-ellipsoid; styles 2.5 mm long, united at the base, stigmas capitate, 2-lobed.
Fruit 2.5 × 2.8 cm when dried, somewhat larger when fresh, 3-lobed to pyriform, depressed at the apex, abruptly tapered to the base, the lobes slightly keeled, tardily septicidally dehiscent to subdrupaceous.
Inflorescences commonly up to 25 cm long, with a peduncle up to 22 cm long, densely corymbiform to subcapitate; bracts up to 5 mm long, lanceolate, acute, entire.
Seeds 1.7 × 1.5 × 1.3 cm, broadly ovoid-subglobose, buff, mottled brownish, ecarunculate.
A glabrous eglandular shrub usually up to 2 m high, sometimes taller.
A shrub or tree, up to 20 ft. high with stout glabrous branches
Stipules 1.5–2 cm long, multifid, the segments setaceous.
Petioles commonly up to 20 cm long.
Planted in villages.
Branchlets thick.
Coral-red flowers
Latex white.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0
Mature height (meter) 5.5 - 6.05
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. Seed need temperatures above 24°C and plants need temperatures above 10°C. Plants are damaged by frost. They need well drained fertile soil. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In XTBG Yunnan.
More
Not known
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

CAUTION: The seeds are poisonous. Young fruit can be eaten. The tuberous roots are eaten roasted. The young leaves are eaten.
Uses environmental use food fuel material medicinal oil ornamental poison social use
Edible fruits leaves roots tubers
Therapeutic use Antifungal agents (flower), Emetics (leaf), Scabies (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (plant exudate), Neoplasms (plant exudate), Ulcer (plant exudate), Wounds and injuries (plant exudate), Colic (root), Dyspepsia (root), Abortifacient agents (seed), Cathartics (seed), Emetics (seed), Laxatives (seed), Cancer (unspecified), Cancer(Nose) (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Poison(Criminal) (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They can also be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 120
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Jatropha multifida leaf picture by Nada Vergili (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha multifida leaf picture by Donna D (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha multifida leaf picture by Jardim Mundo (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Jatropha multifida flower picture by Nada Vergili (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha multifida flower picture by Siqueira Junior Cesar Luis (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha multifida flower picture by Linda Bergamini (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Jatropha multifida fruit picture by Ávila Marcelo (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha multifida fruit picture by JP Corrêa Carvalho (cc-by-sa)
Jatropha multifida fruit picture by Jessica Passero (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Jatropha multifida world distribution map, present in Angola, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Central African Republic, China, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Guinea, Gambia, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Togo, Thailand, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Samoa

Conservation status

Jatropha multifida threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:314308-2
WFO ID wfo-0000219811
COL ID 3QND3
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447147
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Manihot multifida Jatropha janipha Adenoropium multifidum Jatropha multifida