Jatropha schweinfurthii Pax

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Jatropha

Characteristics

A somewhat fleshy perennial herb with simple or slightly branched stems up to 60 cm. high arising from a woody rootstock.. Stems somewhat scaly at the base.. Young shoots densely tomentose.. Leaves subsessile or shortly petiolate; leaf-blade trifid or tripartite, rarely elobate, the lateral lobes held at 30–40° from the median, the median lobe elliptic-oblanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 9–17(–20) cm. long, 2.5–5.5(–11) cm. wide, the laterals equalling or slightly smaller than the median, acute or subacute, serrate, the teeth gland-tipped or not, rounded, cuneate or shallowly cordate, with 7–11 pairs of lateral nerves per lobe, very sparingly pubescent above, evenly or sparingly so beneath, yellow-green; petiole (1–)2–7(–10) mm. long, thick, evenly pubes-cent.. Stipules simple, sometimes bipartite, setaceous, 3–4 mm. long, pubescent.. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal and leaf-opposed, up to 20 cm. long; axis sparingly to evenly pubescent or tomentose; bracts linear, up to 2.3 cm. long, acute, sometimes with a few stalked glands on the margin, sparingly pubescent above, evenly so beneath.. Male flowers: calyx-lobes ovate, 1.5 mm. long, 1 mm. wide at the base, acute, minutely glandular-denticulate or not, ciliate, slightly keeled, pubescent without, glabrous within; petals obovate, 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, rounded, glabrous without, sparingly pilose within at the base, yellowish green or cream-coloured; disc-glands free, ± erect, truncate; stamens 8, the 5 outer free to the base and with the filaments 1.5 mm. long, the 3 inner fused for two-thirds their length and with the filaments 2 mm. long, anthers flattened-ovoid, 1 mm. long.. Female flowers: calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, otherwise as in ♂; petals oblong-lanceolate, 5 mm. long, 1.7 mm. wide, otherwise as in ♂; disc 5-lobed, the lobes transversely ovate, flattened, rounded; ovary somewhat obovoid, 2.5 mm. long, 2 mm. diameter, tomentose; styles united only at the base, ± 2 mm. long, stigmas somewhat thickened, deeply bifid.. Fruit ellipsoid-trilobed, 1–1.2 cm. long, 0.9–1 cm. diameter, glabrous or pubescent, dehiscing septicidally.. Seeds somewhat compressed-ellipsoid, 9 mm. long (including the caruncle), 4.5 mm. wide, ochreous-brownish, shiny, with a prominent, reflexed fimbriate caruncle 2 mm. long and 3 mm. wide.
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Leaf blades 2–11(14) × 1.5–9(10) cm (in Flora Zambesiaca area), 3-partite, 3-fid or 3-lobed, rarely elobate or somewhat 5-partite, or with only 1 lateral lobe; lamina cuneate to rounded or truncate or shallowly cordate at the base, sparingly pubescent to subglabrous on upper surface, more evenly pubescent along the midribs and main nerves beneath; the lateral lobes forwardly directed, the median lobe broadly ovate to narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse to subacute or acute at the apex, sharply somewhat irregularly denticulate, the teeth often aristate, slightly glandular or not; the lobe midribs arising above the lamina base, the median lobe with c. 9 pairs lateral nerves, the lateral lobes with fewer lateral nerves.
Female flowers: pedicels 2.5–3 mm long, stout, dilated at the apex, sparingly pubescent; calyx tube very short, calyx lobes unequal, 3 or 4–6 × 0.8–1 or 1.5 mm, oblong-linear, acute, subentire, eglandular, pubescent without, glabrous within; petals 5 or 6–7 × 1 or 1.7 mm, free, narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, subacute, glabrous, creamy-yellow or whitish; disk 5-lobed, the lobes transversely ovate, rounded, flattened; ovary c. 2.5 × 2 mm, ellipsoid to 3-lobed, smooth, sparingly pubescent to subglabrous; styles c. 2 mm long, united for one-quarter of their length, erect, stigmas subcapitate, cylindric, verruculose.
Male flowers: pedicels c. 1 mm long, jointed, bracteolate, glabrous; calyx tube 1.5 mm long, with lobes 1.5 or 2 × 1 mm, triangular-lanceolate, acute, entire, glabrous; petals 3.5 or 7 × 1.5 or 2 mm, narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, rounded, glabrous, pale yellow to white; disk glands 5, free, 0.75 mm long, compressed-subcylindric, rounded-truncate; stamens 8, the 5 outer 6 mm long and fused for about one-quarter of their length, the 3 inner 7 mm long and fused for c. one-third of their length, filaments glabrous, anthers 1.75 mm long, oblong, thecae free at the base.
Fruits 1.1 × 1 cm, ellipsoid to 3-lobed, smooth, glabrescent or glabrous (Flora Zambesiaca area).Seeds (7.5)9–10 × (4.5)5–5.5 × 3.5–4 mm, including the caruncle, compressed ellipsoid-subcylindric, shiny, chestnut-brown or black; caruncle 2 × 4 mm, hemispherical, 2-lobed, the lobes strongly fimbiate, orange or brown when dry, with a buff or whitish fringe.
Inflorescences 4–8 cm long, terminal or subterminal, thyrsoid-subcorymbiform, peduncle up to 5 cm long; bracts variable, the lowest up to 1.5 cm long, linear, foliaceous, denticulate, the upper shorter, linear-subulate, chaffy, entire.
A semi-succulent perennial herb up to 60 cm tall; stems arising from a large woody tuberous rootstock, simple or sparingly branched, decumbent to erect, sparingly pubescent.
Stipules 2 mm long, usually simple, filiform-setaceous, eglandular, pinkish, soon falling, or absent.
Petioles up to 1 cm long, or leaves subsessile.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 30 - 120
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Jatropha schweinfurthii world distribution map, present in Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:350458-1
WFO ID wfo-0000219958
COL ID 3QNGG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Jatropha schweinfurthii

Lower taxons

Jatropha schweinfurthii subsp. schweinfurthii Jatropha schweinfurthii subsp. atrichocarpa Jatropha schweinfurthii subsp. zambica