Jatropha spicata Pax

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Jatropha

Characteristics

A completely glabrous, softly woody herb or subshrub up to 2 m. tall, but more commonly 60 cm. to 1 m., arising from a rather swollen almost tuberous base.. Stems pale grey or greyish brown.. Young shoots with the cuticle soon flaking when dry and conveying a somewhat pruinose appearance.. Leaves long-petiolate; leaf-blade 3–5(–7)-palmatipartite, rarely almost elobate or subentire, the median lobe obovate, oblanceolate or narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, 5–11 cm. long, 1–4 cm. wide, the first pair of laterals ± equalling the median, the others much smaller, acutely or obtusely acuminate, serrate or serrulate, the teeth gland-tipped, usually truncate at the base, with (10–)20(–30) pairs of lateral nerves per lobe; petiole (2.5–)4–8(–10.5) cm. long, often crimson.. Stipules once or twice bifid or multifid, up to 1.3 cm. long, the segments filiform or setaceous, gland-tipped.. Inflorescences terminal or leaf-opposed, up to 17 cm. long, somewhat lax and open, truly cymose, but with the ultimate branches pseudospicate at maturity; bracts narrowly triangular-lanceolate, (2–)5(–10) mm. long, acute, with a few scattered marginal glands usually towards the base.. Flowers subsessile.. Male flowers: calyx-lobes ovate or triangular-ovate to elliptic-oblong, 1–1.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. wide, subacute or obtuse, sometimes with a gland at the apex, otherwise eglandular, entire; petals obovate, cohering at the base, 3.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, rounded, pubescent within at the base, otherwise glabrous, green to greenish yellow, tinged with reddish purple at the apex; disc-glands free, erect, turbinate, truncate; stamens 8, the 5 outer united for two-thirds their length and with the filaments 2.5 mm. long, the 3 inner united for three-quarters their length and with the filaments 3 mm. long, anthers ovoid, 0.5 mm. long, bright yellow.. Female flowers: calyx-lobes triangular-lanceolate, 2 mm. long, extending to 4 mm. in fruit, 1 mm. wide, acute, often with a gland at the apex, entire or rarely with 1–2 glands on the margin; petals glabrous, but otherwise as in ♂; disc 5-lobed, the lobes flattened, somewhat truncate; ovary ovoid-subglobose, 1.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. diameter, glabrous; styles united at the base, ± 1 mm. long, stigmas capitate, bifid.. Fruit subcylindric-trilobed, 1.2–1.3 cm. long, 1–1.3 cm. diameter, dehiscing septicidally.. Seeds ovoid to oblong, 8–9.5 mm. long, 4–5 mm. wide, greyish brown, and streaked, flecked or blotched with dark brown or blackish, shiny, with a patelliform, deeply fimbriate caruncle completely capping the hilar end.
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Male flowers shortly pedicellate to subsessile; calyx tube 1.5 mm long; calyx lobes 1.5–2 × 1 mm, lanceolate, obtuse, entire or subentire; petals 5 × 2.5 mm, obovate, rounded, with a small patch of pubescence within at the base, otherwise glabrous, yellow; disk glands 5, free, c. 0.5 mm high, erect, turbinate, truncate; stamens 8, the 5 outer 4 mm long and fused for two-thirds their length, the 3 inner 5 mm long and fused for c. four fifths their length, filaments glabrous, anthers 1 mm long, red.
Leaf blades up to 10 × 14 cm (in Flora Zambesiaca area), 5–7-palmatipartite to palmatisect, truncate to wide-cordate at the base, acute to subacute or obtuse at lobe apices, glandular-serrate on margins, deep green; the median lobe up to 9.5 × 2.5 cm, elliptic-lanceolate, constricted at the base, the lateral lobes progressively smaller, the outermost linear-lanceolate and not basally constricted; lateral nerves in up to c. 25 pairs in the median lobe, fewer in the lateral lobes.
Female flowers: pedicels 2 mm long; calyx tube c. 0.5 mm, lobes 2.5–3 × 1 mm, extending a little in fruit, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, entire or almost so; petals 6 × 2.25 mm, elliptic, obtuse, sometimes mucronulate, completely glabrous, greenish-yellow; disk 5-lobed, the lobes semicircular, thin, flat, pink-tinged; ovary 2 × 1.5 mm, 3-lobed-ellipsoid, smooth, glabrous; styles 2.5 mm long, united for one-quarter their length, erect, stigmas small, capitate, bifid, verruculose.
Inflorescences up to 11 cm long (in Flora Zambesiaca area), terminal, laxly subcorymbiform, cymose but with the ultimate branches pseudospicate at maturity; peduncle up to 4.5 cm long; bracts up to 7 mm long, linear-lanceolate, acute, sparingly glandular-denticulate.
Seeds 9–10 × 4–5 × 3–3.5 mm, ellipsoid-cylindric, slightly shiny, greyish-brown; caruncle 2–2.5 × 3.5–4.5 mm, hemispherical, 2–many-lobed, the lobes deeply fimbriate, dark brown with a creamy-buff fringe when dried.
Softly woody herb or subshrub, up to 2 m high. Leaves usually deeply 3-5(-7)-lobed, lobes unevenly serrate. Stipules herbaceous. Fruit septici-dally dehiscent. Flowers creamy brown.
Fruits 10–12 × 8–9 mm, 3-lobed-subcylindric, smooth, glabrous, pale green; columella 7 mm long.
Stipules up to 1 cm long, multifid; the segments filiform-setaceous, gland-tipped.
A brittle-stemmed, semi-succulent, glabrous shrub up to 1.25 m tall.
Petioles up to 7.5 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Bushland, in rocky places or on clay or silt; shallow soil on basement complex rocky hillsides; red sandy soil in deciduous bushland and thicket; poorly drained alkaline sandy clay in seasonally wet grassland.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 1-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 120
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Jatropha spicata unspecified picture

Distribution

Jatropha spicata world distribution map, present in Angola, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:350469-1
WFO ID wfo-0000219974
COL ID 6NDX7
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Jatropha kilimandscharica Jatropha messinica Jatropha spicata Jatropha pseudoglandulifera