Jatropha variifolia Pax

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Jatropha

Characteristics

Perennial shrub, dwarf shrub or herb, 0.3-2.0 m high; 2-stemmed; sparingly branched, succulent, glabrous; rootstock thickened. Leaves membranous, entire, base truncate to shallowly cordate. Stipules flabellately multifid. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal, subcorymbiform; bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, glandular to long-stipitate. Male flowers pedicels slender; calyx lobes lanceolate, subacute, entire; petals oblanceolate, rounded, becoming reflexed, glabrous; disk glands 5, free, minute, erect, turbinate, truncate; stamens 8; filaments glabrous. Female flowers calyx and petals as in male; disk 5-lobed; ovary 3-lobed to subglobose, smooth, glabrous; styles free, erect or spreading; stigmas small, capitate, bifid, smooth. Fruit 3-lobed to subcylindric, shallowly nervose and verruculose, glabrous. Seeds compressed ellipsoid-subcylindric.
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Leaf blades up to 18 × 20 cm (in Flora Zambesiaca area), palmately 5-fid to 5-partite, truncate to shallowly cordate at the base, acutely or obtusely shortly acuminate at lobe apices, entire, membranaceous, dark green and shiny on upper surface, paler and duller beneath; the median lobe up to 13 × 6 cm, oblong-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, the lateral lobes progressively smaller; lobe midribs all arising at the lamina base, lateral nerves in up to c. 15 pairs in the median lobe, fewer in the lateral lobes.
Male flowers: pedicels slender, 1–3 mm long; calyx tube 1.5 mm long; calyx lobes 2 × 1 mm, lanceolate, subacute, entire, terracotta; petals 5 × 2 mm, oblanceolate, rounded, becoming reflexed, glabrous, yellow; disk glands 5, free, minute, erect, turbinate, truncate; stamens 8, the 5 outer 5 mm long and fused for two fifths their length, the 3 inner 6 mm long and fused for two-thirds their length, filaments glabrous, anthers 1 mm long.
Female flowers: pedicels c. 5 mm long, extending a little in fruit; calyx tube c. 2 mm long, lobes 3 × 1.25 mm, and extending a little in fruit, otherwise resembling the male; petals as in the male, but yellow-green; disk 5-lobed, the lobes short, broad and somewhat irregularly lobulate; ovary 2 × 2 mm, 3-lobed to subglobose, smooth, glabrous; styles 1.25 mm long, ± free, erect or spreading, stigmas small, capitate, bifid, smooth.
Inflorescences up to 30 cm long, terminal or subterminal, subcorymbiform; peduncle up to 13 cm long; bracts up to 1.5 cm long, linear-lanceolate, acute, glandular to long-stipitate.
Seeds 9.5 × 5 × 4 mm, somewhat compressed ellipsoid-subcylindric, slightly shiny, olive-brown; caruncle 2 × 3–3.5 mm, hemispherical, 2-lobed, the lobes multifid, greyish-brown.
Shrub, up to 1.5 m high. Leaves widely ovate or oblong, nearly as broad as long, 3-lobed, less often 5-lobed or entire, petioles up to 70 mm long. Flowers greenish cream.
A 1–2-stemmed, sparingly branched, somewhat succulent, glabrous shrub or subshrub up to 2 m tall, with a thickened rootstock.
Fruits c. 12 × 10–12 mm, 3-lobed to subcylindric, shallowly nervose and verruculose, glabrous; columella 7 mm long.
Stipules 4 × 6 mm, flabellately multifid; the segments up to c. 3 mm long, filiform-setaceous, gland-tipped.
Petioles up to 9 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 30 - 120
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Jatropha variifolia unspecified picture

Distribution

Jatropha variifolia world distribution map, present in Mozambique and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:350510-1
WFO ID wfo-0000220041
COL ID 3QNJC
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Jatropha heterophylla Jatropha variifolia