Juncus filiformis L.

Thread rush (en), Jonc filiforme (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Juncaceae > Juncus

Characteristics

Plants perennial. Rhizome internodes short. Stems 7--15 cm × ca. 1 mm. Cataphylls usually 2, closely embracing stem, yellow, chestnut brown, or reddish brown, sheathlike, 1.5--5 cm; leaf blade reduced to an awnlike rudiment. Inflorescences pseudolateral, dense or lax, 3--6(--10)-flowered; involucral bract erect, seemingly a continuation of stem, terete, (0.3--)1--1.5 × as long as stem, apex sharply acute. Flowers pedicellate. Bracteoles 2, broadly ovate, apex obtuse. Perianth segments greenish, straw-colored with age, lanceolate, unequal to subequal; outer segments 2.6--5 × ca. 1 mm; inner segments ca. 2.5 × 1 mm. Stamens 6, ca. 2/3 as long as inner perianth segments; filaments ca. 1.1 mm; anthers oblong, 0.5--0.6 mm. Ovary obliquely ovoid, 3-loculed. Style very short or inconspicuous. Capsule yellowish green to pale brown, trigonous ovoid to trigonous globose, subequaling or longer than perianth, 3-septate, apex obtuse to acuminate, mucronate. Seeds pale chestnut brown, obliquely ovoid, ca. 0.5 mm. Fl. Aug, fr. Sep. 2 n = 84.
More
Herbs, perennial, 0.2--3.5 dm. Rhizomes widely creeping, sparingly branched, 1.5--2 mm diam., nodes closely set. Culms terete, 1 mm diam. Cataphylls several. Leaves: blade absent. Inflorescences 3--10(--12)-flowered, loosely congested, 1--2 cm; primary bract terete, nearly equaling to much longer than culm. Flowers pedicellate; bracteoles broadly ovate, tepals light brown or green, lanceolate, 2.5--4.2 mm; inner series loosely subtending capsule at maturity, slightly shorter, margins scarious; stamens 6, filaments 0.5--0.9 mm, anthers 0.5--0.7 mm; style 0.2 mm. Capsules tan, 3-locular, nearly globose, 2.5--3  x 1.8--2.1 mm, shorter than perianth. Seeds amber, 0.5--0.6 mm, not tailed. 2n = 40, 70, 80, 84.
Stems cespitose or in rows on a short or long rhizome, finely striate, without foliage lvs, 1–4 dm to the infl, surmounted by an erect invol lf half to fully as long; basal sheaths pale brown, seldom over 6 cm; infl 1–2 cm, sparingly branched, each primary branch with 1–4 prophyllate fls; sep lanceolate, 2.7–4.3 mm; pet 2.3–4.1 mm, acutish or obtuse; anthers 6, much shorter than the filaments; fr trilocular, 2.4–3.7 mm, obovoid, short-beaked; 2n=40, 70, 80, 84. Sandy shores, bogs, and alpine meadows; circumboreal, s. in our range to the mts. of N. Engl., N.Y., Pa., and W.Va., and to n. Mich. and n. Minn.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.02 - 0.35
Root system creeping-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light 4-9
Soil humidity 6-8
Soil texture 1-3
Soil acidity 1-5
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 28
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Juncus filiformis habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Juncus filiformis leaf picture by R Benson (cc-by-sa)
Juncus filiformis leaf picture by Peltonen Petri (cc-by-sa)
Juncus filiformis leaf picture by Peltonen Petri (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Juncus filiformis flower picture by ellura (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Juncus filiformis world distribution map, present in Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Greenland, Croatia, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Juncus filiformis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:442961-1
WFO ID wfo-0000776448
COL ID 3QTPX
BDTFX ID 36512
INPN ID 104183
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Juncus transsilvanicus Juncus filiformis f. flaccidus Juncus filiformis f. prostratus Juncus trichodes Juncus filiformis var. kulczynskii Juncus filiformis var. pluriflorus Juncus filiformis var. pusillus Juncus filiformis var. transsilvanicus Juncus balticus f. pusillus Juncus filiformis