Juncus prismatocarpus R.Br.

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Juncaceae > Juncus

Characteristics

Perennial quite glabrous herb, (15-)30-70(-100) cm high. Stems tufted, erect, erecto-patent, ascending or floating, or some of them prostrate and then often rooting and emitting erect flowering branches, terete or compressed, with continuous pith. Leaves few, partly basal, partly cauline, on often long sheaths with 2 short, obtuse auricles at the top, linear, acute, rather thick, compressed, hollow but divided by rather remote cross-partitions into compartments which, in dried specimens, give them a jointed appearance, 5-20 cm long. Inflorescence a terminal very lax corymb made up of few to many usually 5-10-, but sometimes fewer-or more-flowered heads which sometimes bear in their centre a small tuft of short, very narrow leaves; the heads partly sessile at the ramifications of the inflorescence, partly on stalks of ¾-5 cm length. Bracts in the heads ovate-lanceolate, acute, much shorter than the perianth, thinly membranous. Perianth 3½-4½ mm long. Tepals of about equal length, ovate-lanceolate, very acute, longitudinally nerved. Stamens 3, before the outer tepals, shorter than these, sometimes 1-3 before the inner tepals; filaments rather long; anthers linear, sometimes very short. Style very short; stigmas much longer, often recurved or sinuous. Capsule pale brown, rarely castaneous, narrowly prismatic, with prominent acute angles, rarely ovate with rounded angles, acute, varying from slightly shorter to considerably longer than the perianth; placentas not or hardly intruded, hence the fruit 1-celled. Seeds numerous, oblong, rather regularly longitudinally ribbed with faint, rather remote transverse nerves between the longitudinal ones, yellow, ca 0.5-0.8 mm long.
More
Plants perennial, tufted, (8--)10--65 cm tall. Stems erect or ascending, terete or compressed, 0.7--3 mm in diam. Basal leaves few, cauline leaves 2--4; leaf sheath auricles obtuse, short; leaf blade linear, terete to compressed, 10--25 cm × (1--)2--4 mm, distinctly and perfectly to incompletely septate, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, sparingly or much branched; involucral bract leaflike, shorter than inflorescence; heads 5--10(--30), globose to hemispheric, 7--10 mm in diam., (3--)8--15(--20)-flowered; bracts 2--2.5 mm, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, thinly membranous. Perianth segments narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 3.5--4 mm, subequal, veins longitudinal, apex acute. Stamens 3, inserted opposite outer perianth segments; filaments 1.2--1.4 mm; anthers 0.9--1 mm. Stigmas very long, often recurved or sinuous. Capsule narrowly prismatic, 3.8--4.5 mm; angles prominent, acute; placentas not or only slightly intruded, hence fruit 1-loculed. Seeds wax yellow, oblong, 0.6--0.8 mm, regularly longitudinally ribbed; transverse veins faint, remote. Fl. (Jan--)Mar--Jun, fr. May--Nov.
Loosely tufted. Stems 9–60 cm. × 2–4 mm., erect, or occ. shortly creeping and rooting at the nodes towards the base, us. compressed, occ. terete. Lvs 8–30 cm. × 2–5 mm., ∞, both basal and cauline, us. < stems, lamina much compressed but hollow, longitudinally multi-tubular, the individual tubes transversely septate, lf-tip us. acute, occ. slightly dilated; sheath broad and loose, with membr. margins and 2 obtuse auricles. Infl. a terminal, much-branched cyme, with globular fascicles of 6–12 fls at the ends of the spreading branchlets; subtending bracts 1–2, lfy, < infl., septate. Fls 3–4 mm. long; tepals acuminate, ± equal or the outer occ. shorter, greenish brown, occ. red, membr. margins very narrow. Stamens 3, c. ½ length of tepals. Capsule 4.5–5 × 1–1.5 mm., us. much > tepals, triquetrous, ovate-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a mucronate tip, rust-or straw-coloured.
Tufted perennial to 60 cm high. Stems 9-60 cm × 2-4 mm, flattened, lacking internal transverse septa. Leaves compressed, longitudinally multitubular, the individual tubes transversely-septate. Inflorescence 5-22 cm long with long branches and large distant flower-clusters. Stamens 3. Capsule c. 5 mm long, > tepals, triquetrous, long-tapered.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.23 - 0.68
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Between 1000 and 3225 m altitude in pools, marshy plains, on swampy river-banks, locally numerous.
Light -
Soil humidity 7-9
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-12

Usage

Uses material medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Juncus prismatocarpus unspecified picture

Distribution

Juncus prismatocarpus world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Indonesia, Iceland, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Thailand

Conservation status

Juncus prismatocarpus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:443381-1
WFO ID wfo-0000777104
COL ID 6NH7C
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Juncus prismatocarpus Juncus prismatocarpus var. genuinus

Lower taxons

Juncus prismatocarpus subsp. leschenaultii Juncus prismatocarpus subsp. prismatocarpus Juncus prismatocarpus var. prismatocarpus