Kiggelaria africana L.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Achariaceae > Kiggelaria

Characteristics

Shrub or tree up to 17 m high, semi-deciduous; bark pale grey, smooth; young branches stellately tomentulose, often rusty. Leaf-blade elliptic or ovoid, 4-11 cm long, 1.5-4 cm wide, apex acuminate, acute or obtuse, apiculate, base cuneate to round, margin entire, serrulate, serrate or duplicate-serrate, midrib prominent below, lateral veins 5-9, prominent below, looping near margin, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous or white or rusty stellate, with tomentulose hairy pockets (acarodomatia) in axils of veins below, sometimes discolorous; petiole 0.7-2.5 cm long, channelled, glabrous or tomentulose. Male flowers yellowish-green, in 3-many-flowered axillary cymes; peduncle 0.3-2 cm long, tomentulose; pedicels slender, 0.5-1.5 cm long, tomentulose, minutely bracteate at base. Sepals narrowly elliptic, 3-4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, apex acute, slightly keeled, stellate-pubescent. Petals elliptic, 4.25 mm long, 2.25 mm wide, apex obtuse to rounded, slightly keeled dorsally, stellate, puberulous; basal scale oblong, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, toothed, fleshy. Stamens 10; filaments up to 1.7 mm long; anthers elliptic, 1.5 mm long, stellately puberulous. Female flowers yellowish-green, solitary in upper axils; pedicels slender, 1.7-2.5 cm long, tomentulose. Sepals narrowly elliptic, 5.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, stellately puberulous. Petals elliptic 5.5-6 mm long, 2 mm wide, stellately puberulous; scales ovoid 2-2.5 mm long, 1-1.25 mm wide. Ovary ellipsoid, 2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm diam., densely pubescent; style short, divided into (4)5 branches, c. 1.5 mm long, divergent, canaliculate, glabrous in upper part, minutely lobed. Fruit up to 1.5 cm diam., splitting from apex into 5 valves, yellowish-green, densely tomentulose, tuberculate. Seeds bright orange-red, 4-6 mm diam.
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Shrub or tree, up to 13 m. tall; bark pale to dark grey, smooth; branchlets ± densely stellately tomentellous.. Leaf-blades variable in form, size, texture and indument-density, ovate-oblong, elliptic, or lanceolate, apex subacute or obtuse, base cuneate to rounded, papery to firmly chartaceous or subcoriaceous, yellowish stellate-tomentellous to-tomentose, sometimes glabrescent with age, rarely practically glabrous from the beginning except the nerves, entire, undulate or shallowly serrate, 3.5–9(–14) cm. long, 2–5(–6) cm. broad; lateral nerves 6–9 pairs, rather prominent beneath, veins ± parallel to each other, slightly raised; petiole 0.5–1.5(–2) cm. long.. Flowers yellowish-greenish tomentellous, the ♂ in short 3–7-flowered axillary cyme-like racemes; peduncle ± 5 mm.; pedicels up to 7 mm.; basal bracts minute, caducous.. Sepals narrowly ovate, slightly keeled, 4–5 mm. long and 2 .5 mm. broad.. Petals broadly obovate, obtuse or subacute, ± 5 mm. long, the basal inner scale oblong, fleshy, 1 mm.. Filaments ± 1 mm.; anthers oblong, ± 2 mm.. Female flowers solitary in the upper axils; peduncle ± 5 mm.; pedicels up to 1.5 cm.. Sepals and petals similar, but slightly longer and narrower.. Ovary tomentellous and minutely tuberculate; styles glabrous, ± 3 mm. long.. Capsule globose, almost woody, ± 2 cm. in diameter, yellowish-greenish tomentellous or tomentose, softly warted.. Seeds subglobose, covered with a bright orange-red aril; testa smooth, dark.. Fig. 11.
Tree or shrub, up to 17 m high, unarmed, dioecious. Leaves alternate, petiolate, elliptic or ovoid, variously toothed, sometimes discolorous; hairy pockets in axils of main veins; stipules absent. Flowers unisexual. Male flowers in axillary cymes, on longish pedicels; stamens 8-10, free; filaments short, anthers 2-thecous. Female flowers solitary on long pedicels; sepals 5-parted, narrowly elliptic, valvate, deciduous, puberulous; petals 5, often very similar to sepals, elliptic, imbricate, puberulous; ovary sessile, ellipsoid; style short and thick, divided into 5 branches. Flowering time Aug.-Dec. Fruit globose, woody, several-seeded capsule; valves 2-5, pubescent, sometimes tuberculate.
Leaf-lamina 3.5–9 x 2–5 cm., ovate-oblong, elliptic or lanceolate, apex acute or sometimes rounded, base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin entire, slightly undulate or shallowly and distantly toothed, finely yellowish-stellate-tomentellous above when young, later glabrescent, densely yellowish-stellate-tomentellous below although some forms are eventually glabrescent on both sides; nerves in c. 9 pairs, rather prominent below, veins slightly raised, ± parallel between the nerves; petiole up to 1–4 cm. long, tomentellous.
Shrub or tree, up to 17 m high, unarmed, dioecious. Bark pale grey, smooth. Leaves petiolate; blade glabrous or white or rusty stellate, with hairy pockets in axils of veins below. Flowers: male flowers in axillary cymes on long pedicels, female flowers solitary on long pedicels; sepals 5-parted; petals 5, often very similar to sepals, elliptic, each with a fleshy gland at base, yellowish green; Sep.-Dec., Apr.-Jun. Fruit globose, woody, rough; seeds bright orange-red.
Dioecious, semi-deciduous tree, up to 17 m tall, with smooth grey bark. Leaves elliptic, usually toothed, with hairy pockets in lower vein axils, male flowers in axillary cymes, female flowers solitary in axils, yellowish. Fruit round, pale inside with red seeds.
Dioecious, semideciduous tree with smooth grey bark to 17 m. Leaves elliptic, usually toothed, with hairy pockets in lower vein axils, male flowers in axillary cymes, female flowers solitary in axils, yellowish. Fruits round, pale inside with red seeds.
Male flowers yellowish-green, in short 3–7-flowered axillary cymes; peduncle c. 5 mm. long, tomentellous; pedicels similar, 2–7 mm. long with minute, caducous, tomentellous bracts at the base.
Bush or tree up to 13 m. tall, probably evergreen; bark pale grey, smooth; young branches yellowish-brown, stellately tomentellous, the youngest parts often with tufted ferruginous hairs also.
Ovary ovoid or obovoid, densely puberulous and minutely tuberculate; styles 5, c. 3 mm. long, glabrous or very sparsely puberulous, divergent, free for c. 2 mm., connate below.
Petals 2 mm. long, broadly obovate, slightly keeled, obtuse or subacute at the apex, densely puberulous on both sides, basal scale subfleshy, oblong.
Sepals c. 5 x 2.5 mm. narrowly ovate, slightly keeled, subacute at the apex, densely yellowish-puberulous on both sides, free almost to the base.
Fruit 2 cm. in diam., a hard, woody, globose capsule, splitting from the apex into 5 valves, yellowish-green, densely tomentellous, waited.
Female flowers solitary in the upper axils; peduncles c. 5 mm. long; pedicels up to 1.5 cm. long with 1–2 minute bracts at the base.
Stamens c. 10; filaments up to 1 mm. long; anthers oblong, 2.2 x 1.3 mm., stellately puberulous.
Petals c. 8 x 3.5 mm., narrowly oblong, subacute at the apex, otherwise as in the male.
Sepals narrower as a rule than in male flowers, c. 7 x 2.5–3 mm., narrowly oblong.
Seeds c. 10, 7 mm. in diam., bright orange-red, viscid, subglobose; testa smooth.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 17.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Rain and mist forests, sometimes at margins, at elevations of 1,370-2,550 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use material medicinal timber wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Construction (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Fruit

Kiggelaria africana fruit picture by Jaco Breytenbach (cc-by-sa)
Kiggelaria africana fruit picture by Alena Alena (cc-by-sa)
Kiggelaria africana fruit picture by Shulize Cronje (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Kiggelaria africana world distribution map, present in Lesotho, Mozambique, Malawi, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Kiggelaria africana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:111770-1
WFO ID wfo-0001062869
COL ID 3R7HV
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Kiggelaria glandulosa Kiggelaria dregeana Kiggelaria hylophila Kiggelaria integrifolia Kiggelaria serrata Kiggelaria grandifolia Kiggelaria ferruginea Kiggelaria flavo-velutina Kiggelaria africana