Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) Schult.

Prairie junegrass (en), Koelérie grêle (fr), Koelérie à grandes fleurs (fr), Koélérie grêle (fr), Koelérie à grosses fleurs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Koeleria

Characteristics

Perennial or annual. Culms 20–75 cm high; mid-culm nodes exposed. Leaves mostly basal; basal sheaths glabrous or slightly scabrous or hirsute, with hairs retrorse and usually dense near base; ligule to 1.5 mm long; blade to 25 cm long, 2.1–3.5 mm wide, with margins smooth or scabrous. Inflorescences 6.5–12.5 cm long, with axes shortly and sparsely puberulous. Spikelets 5–7 mm long, with 2 or 3 (or 4) bisexual florets, without incomplete florets. Glumes narrowly oblong or narrowly obovate: lower glume c. 3/4 length of upper glume, 3.4–5.1 mm long, membranous, 1–3-nerved, glabrous or scaberulous or hirsute (with short hairs toward apex); upper glume 4.2–6.2 mm long, obscurely 3–5-nerved, with midnerve scaberulous and intercostal regions glabrous or scaberulous. Basal lemma narrowly oblong, 4.3–6 mm long, acute or obtuse, awnless or apiculate or rarely awned, 5-nerved. Palea oblanceolate, slightly shorter than lemma, bidentate. Anthers 2.6–3 mm long.
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Perennial, densely tufted; old basal sheaths papery, persistent around each culm base. Culms stiffly erect, 5–60 cm tall, woolly especially below panicle, 2–3-noded. Leaf sheaths glabrous or pubescent; leaf blades grayish green, usually rolled, sometimes flat, up to 30 cm, 1–2 mm wide, pubescent or adaxial surface glabrous; ligule 0.2–2 mm. Panicle linear-oblong in outline, 1.5–13 cm, lower part often interrupted and lobed, silvery green or tinged purple; axis and branches woolly. Spikelets 3–7 mm, florets 2–3(–4); rachilla hairs less than 0.4 mm or glabrous; glumes slightly unequal, punctate-scaberulous, keel scabrid, lower glume narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–4 mm, upper glume elliptic-oblong, 2.5–5.5 mm, apex acute; lemmas lanceolate, 2.6–5.5 mm, punctate-scaberulous, apex acute, cuspidate, or rarely keel extended up to 0.3 mm into apical mucro; palea keels ciliolate. Anthers 1.2–2.3 mm. Fl. and fr. May–Sep.
A grass. It forms loose tufts and keeps growing from year to year. It can have creeping rhizomes or underground stems. It grows 10-40 cm high. The leaf blades are 15 cm long and 1-2 mm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.35 - 0.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. In Pakistan it grows between 1,600-4,500 m altitude. It grows on mountain slopes from sea level to 3,900 m above sea level in China. In Sichuan.
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Montanewoodland or grassland often on shallow, rocky soils. 
Sandy places, chalk and limestone pastures.
Light 5-7
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 2-4

Usage

The seeds are used to make bread.
Uses animal food environmental use fiber fodder forage medicinal
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Ceremonial Medicine (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -45
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Koeleria macrantha leaf picture by Amber LeBlanc (cc-by-sa)
Koeleria macrantha leaf picture by greeny (cc-by-sa)
Koeleria macrantha leaf picture by Olivier VIGUIER (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Koeleria macrantha flower picture by richard burger (cc-by-sa)
Koeleria macrantha flower picture by Bernard Morice (cc-by-sa)
Koeleria macrantha flower picture by Cockie Streng (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Koeleria macrantha world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Åland Islands, Albania, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Germany, Spain, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Montenegro, Netherlands, Nepal, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and Yemen

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:406615-1
WFO ID wfo-0000877153
COL ID 3RBN5
BDTFX ID 37173
INPN ID 104644
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Koeleria cristata f. festucoides Koeleria cristata f. scabriglumis Koeleria gracilis f. congesta Koeleria macrantha f. longifolia Aira bulbosa Aira cristata Dactylis cristata Koeleria albida Koeleria australiensis Koeleria britannica Koeleria calarashica Koeleria compacta Koeleria dactyloides Koeleria elegantula Koeleria idahensis Koeleria krylovii Koeleria kurdica Koeleria latifrons Koeleria longifolia Koeleria mukdenensis Koeleria pallida Koeleria pseudocristata Koeleria robinsoniana Koeleria sclerophylla Koeleria sibirica Koeleria soongarica Koeleria tenuipes Koeleria theodoriana Koeleria transiliensis Koeleria transsilvanica Poa cristata Poa nitida Koeleria arkansana Koeleria aschersoniana Koeleria californica Koeleria nitida Koeleria parviflora Koeleria talievii Melica gmelinii Poa aristata Achaeta geniculata Aira gracilis Airochloa gracilis Airochloa parviflora Koeleria x intermedia Koeleria alpigena Koeleria arctica Koeleria bitczenachica Koeleria cristata f. amurensis Koeleria cristata f. aristulata Koeleria cristata f. aurea Koeleria cristata f. contracta Koeleria cristata f. depauperata Koeleria cristata f. dominiana Koeleria chakassica Koeleria cristata f. lanata Koeleria csatoi Koeleria gracilis f. lanata Koeleria gracilis f. laxa Koeleria gracilis f. mandshurica Koeleria gracilis f. scabriglumis Koeleria helvetica Koeleria macrantha f. aristulata Koeleria jankae Koeleria janoensis Koeleria javorkae Koeleria macrura f. biflora Koeleria macrura f. quadriflora Koeleria macrura f. triflora Koeleria macrura Koeleria nyaradyi Koeleria oregana Koeleria poiformis Koeleria polyantha Koeleria pontarlieri Koeleria seminuda Koeleria supraarenaria Koeleria taurica Koeleria velenovskyi Koeleria wolgensis Koeleria yukonensis Melica hirsuta Koeleria mannagettae Koeleria eminens Koeleria britannica Koeleria gracilis f. aurea Koeleria gracilis f. flaccida Koeleria elatior f. glabrescens Koeleria gracilis f. pubescens Koeleria gracilis f. filifolia Koeleria gracilis f. biflora Koeleria gracilis f. quadriflora Koeleria tokiensis Koeleria fenzliana Koeleria flexilis Koeleria gracilis Airochloa cristata Koeleria ambigua Aira macrantha Koeleria gracilis var. minutiflora Koeleria alpigena var. mannagettae Koeleria australiensis var. aristata Koeleria australiensis var. maxima Koeleria britanica var. pontarlieri Koeleria cristata subsp. chakassica Koeleria cristata subsp. gracilis Koeleria cristata subsp. helvetica Koeleria cristata subsp. hirsutiflora Koeleria cristata subsp. krylovii Koeleria cristata subsp. macrantha Koeleria cristata subsp. mongolica Koeleria cristata subsp. pseudocristata Koeleria cristata subsp. seminuda Koeleria cristata subsp. transiliensis Koeleria cristata var. albescens Koeleria cristata var. amurensis Koeleria cristata var. argentea Koeleria cristata var. avenacea Koeleria cristata var. colorata Koeleria cristata var. desertorum Koeleria cristata var. elatior Koeleria cristata var. elegantula Koeleria cristata var. geniculata Koeleria cristata var. glabra Koeleria cristata var. gracillima Koeleria cristata var. grandiflora Koeleria cristata var. gypsacea Koeleria cristata var. intercedens Koeleria cristata var. longifolia Koeleria cristata var. macrantha Koeleria cristata var. oregona Koeleria cristata var. pilifera Koeleria cristata var. pinetorum Koeleria cristata var. poiformis Koeleria cristata var. pseudocristata Koeleria cristata var. pubiculmis Koeleria cristata var. sabulosa Koeleria cristata var. seminuda Koeleria cristata var. tenuifolia Koeleria cristata var. tokiensis Koeleria gracilis subsp. britannica Koeleria gracilis subsp. idahensis Koeleria gracilis subsp. macrura Koeleria gracilis subsp. nitida Koeleria gracilis subsp. polyantha Koeleria gracilis subsp. pseudocristata Koeleria gracilis subsp. seminuda Koeleria gracilis subsp. sibirica Koeleria gracilis var. amurensis Koeleria gracilis var. arctica Koeleria gracilis var. arenicola Koeleria gracilis var. avenacea Koeleria gracilis var. borbasii Koeleria gracilis var. breviculmis Koeleria gracilis var. britannica Koeleria gracilis var. californica Koeleria gracilis var. californiensis Koeleria gracilis var. caudata Koeleria gracilis var. dasyclada Koeleria gracilis var. depauperata Koeleria gracilis var. elatior Koeleria gracilis var. flaccida Koeleria gracilis var. gracillima Koeleria gracilis var. gypsacea Koeleria gracilis var. hirsutiflora Koeleria gracilis var. hummelii Koeleria gracilis var. intercedens Koeleria gracilis var. laxa Koeleria gracilis var. longifolia Koeleria gracilis var. missouriana Koeleria gracilis var. mukdenensis Koeleria gracilis var. munita Koeleria gracilis var. oregana Koeleria gracilis var. pilifera Koeleria gracilis var. pseudocristatoides Koeleria gracilis var. pseudonitida Koeleria gracilis var. pubiculmis Koeleria gracilis var. rigidissima Koeleria gracilis var. rohlenae Koeleria gracilis var. rossica Koeleria gracilis var. sabulosa Koeleria gracilis var. sintenisii Koeleria gracilis var. sublanuginosa Koeleria gracilis var. subrepens Koeleria gracilis var. tokiensis Koeleria kurdica var. bitczenachica Koeleria macrantha subsp. pseudocristata Koeleria macrantha var. arenicola Koeleria macrantha var. borbasli Koeleria macrantha var. colorata Koeleria macrantha var. eminens Koeleria macrantha var. fenzliana Koeleria macrantha var. flaccida Koeleria macrantha var. pseudocristata Koeleria macrantha var. rohlenae Koeleria nitida var. arkansana Koeleria nitida var. californica Koeleria pseudocristata var. californica Koeleria pseudoglauca subsp. csatoi Koeleria pseudoglauca subsp. fenzliana Koeleria robinsoniana var. australis Koeleria sclerophylla subsp. theodoriana Koeleria tokiensis subsp. mongolica Koeleria transsilvanica subsp. tenuipes Koeleria transsilvanica var. tenuipes Koeleria albescens var. glabra Koeleria cristata var. gracilis Koeleria gracilis f. grandiflora Koeleria gracilis f. includens Koeleria cristata f. flaccida Koeleria cristata f. grandiflora Koeleria cristata f. includens Koeleria cristata f. mandshurica Koeleria cristata f. minutiflora Koeleria cristata f. pubiculmis Koeleria cristata f. subglabra Koeleria cristata f. subpubiculmis Koeleria cristata f. subsetacea Koeleria gracilis f. aristulata Koeleria gracilis f. aurea Koeleria gracilis f. colorata Koeleria gracilis f. contracta Koeleria gracilis f. densevestita Koeleria gracilis f. festucoides Koeleria gracilis f. subpubiglumis Koeleria gracilis f. washingtonensis Koeleria macrantha f. lanata Koeleria gracilis f. triflora Koeleria cristata subsp. repens Koeleria gracilis var. latifrons Koeleria cristata var. major Koeleria cristata var. pubescens Koeleria gracilis var. mandshurica Koeleria alpigena subsp. mannagettae Koeleria macrantha var. borbasii Koeleria pseudocristata var. pseudocristata Koeleria nitida var. nitida Koeleria glaucovirens var. jankae Koeleria gracilis subsp. transsilvanica Koeleria robinsoniana var. robinsoniana Festuca cristata Koeleria glaucovirens Koeleria macrantha

Lower taxons

Koeleria macrantha subsp. helvetica Koeleria macrantha subsp. macrantha Koeleria macrantha subsp. transsilvanica