Larix decidua Mill.

European larch (en), Mélèze d'europe (fr), Pin de Briançon (fr), Mélèze d'Europe (fr), Mélèze décidu (fr)

Species

Gymnosperms > Pinales > Pinaceae > Larix

Characteristics

Small or medium-sized tree (large in cultivation), pyramidal when young, irregular in shape later. Branchlets ± drooping. Bark grey, pinkish below, fissured and forming small plates. Long shoots yellow, glabrous, appearing ribbed because of elongated, pad-like persistent lf bases. Short shoots stout, c. 5 mm long, grey. Lvs on short shoots in fascicles of 40-65, 1.5-4 cm × c. 0.5 mm at 1/2 way along lf, grass-green, very soft; midrib raised on either side. ♂ and ♀ strobili or cones surrounded by thin, brown bud scales with dense marginal tuft of curly brown hairs. ♀ cones c. 1 cm long at anthesis; bract scales prominent, crimson, with subulate, green apical point. Mature cone 1.5-3.5 × 1.7-2.5 cm when open, broadly ovoid-oblong; ovuliferous scales 40-50, broad-ovate or suborbicular, not prominently recurved, vertically striated with outer margin rounded; bract scales usually concealed at maturity, sometimes a small part of subulate tip exposed. Seed with large, broad, asymmetric wing.
More
Trees to 50 m tall; trunk to 2 m d.b.h.; bark grayish brown, cracking into irregular plates; crown irregularly pyramidal; long branchlets light yellow or light grayish yellow, turning gray or blackish in 2nd or 3rd year, initially glabrous; short branchlets cylindric or subglobose, bearing rings of scale remnants; leaf cushions densely yellow pubescent. Leaves 2-3 cm × 0.5-1 mm, flat or occasionally slightly keeled adaxially, keeled abaxially. Seed cones dark red or purplish, becoming green with pink scale margins, ovoid or ovoid-oblong. Seed scales ovate or suborbicular, 0.8-1.5 × 0.7-1.3 cm, initially reddish pubescent near base abaxially, glabrescent, base narrowed, margin incurved distally, apex repand or shallowly emarginate. Bracts included, apex 3-lobed, cusp exposed, ca. 2.5 mm. Seeds dark brownish gray, ovoid-cuneate, ca. 4 × 2.5 mm; wing pale brown, ovate.
A deciduous conifer tree. It grows 30 m tall and spreads 4-6 m wide. The bark is grey and scaly. The branches droop. The needles and light green and soft and are in rings. They turn yellow before falling in autumn. The female cones are 2.5-4 cm long. They are pink and erect.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 4.0 - 7.0
Mature height (meter) 30.1 - 35.1
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.0
Root diameter (meter) 1.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Forms extensive open forests, often with Pinus cembra or Picea abies, especially at high elevations where it often forms the tree-line, growing.on neutral to acidic soils, mostly on granitic rock; at elevations from 600-2,500 metres.
More
It is a temperate plant. It suits cool sites. Arboretum Tasmania.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

The inner bark is grated and used in broth of fish, meal and milk. A sugary exudate is eaten.
Uses environmental use material medicinal ornamental timber wood
Edible barks gums leaves saps
Therapeutic use Antiseptic (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Liniment (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sclerosis(Liver) (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified)
Human toxicity weak toxic (aerial)
Animal toxicity weak toxic (aerial)

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings. Cuttings only form roots with difficulty.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 11 - 13
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -30
Optimum temperature (C°) 8 - 22
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Larix decidua habit picture by Auch Ich (cc-by-sa)
Larix decidua habit picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)
Larix decidua habit picture by Paula Müller (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Larix decidua leaf picture by Stefan Gerster (cc-by-sa)
Larix decidua leaf picture by Billy Idle (cc-by-sa)
Larix decidua leaf picture by Fabrizio Ghidelli (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Larix decidua flower picture by gio75 (cc-by-sa)
Larix decidua flower picture by Filip Arndt (cc-by-sa)
Larix decidua flower picture by Mauro Romano (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Larix decidua fruit picture by Stefan Jud (cc-by-sa)
Larix decidua fruit picture by Udo Herkommer (cc-by-sa)
Larix decidua fruit picture by celine horellou (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Larix decidua world distribution map, present in Canada, China, France, New Zealand, and United States of America

Conservation status

Larix decidua threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:262420-1
WFO ID wfo-0000443338
COL ID 6NYWF
BDTFX ID 75208
INPN ID 105042
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Larix gracilis Larix caducifolia Larix vulgaris Pinus larix Pinus laeta Abies larix Larix sudetica Larix excelsa Larix decidua Larix communis Larix pyramidalis Larix larix Peuce larix Larix europaea Picea larix Larix decidua subsp. europaea Larix decidua subsp. sudetica Pinus larix var. pendula Larix europaea var. pendula Larix decidua var. pendula Pinus larix var. europaea Abies larix var. pendula Larix europaea var. pendulina Larix decidua var. pendulina Larix decidua f. pendula

Lower taxons

Larix decidua var. carpatica Larix decidua var. polonica Larix decidua var. decidua