Larix laricina (Du Roi) K.Koch

Tamarack (en), Mélèze laricin (fr), Mélèze d'Amérique (fr)

Species

Gymnosperms > Pinales > Pinaceae > Larix

Characteristics

Trees to 20m; trunk to 0.  diam.; crown narrow, branches sparse. Bark of young trees gray, smooth, becoming reddish brown and scaly, inner layer red-purple. Branches horizontal or slightly ascending; twigs orange-brown, glabrous. Buds dark red, subtended by ring of hairlike bracts, glabrous. Leaves of short shoots 1--  × 0.5--0.8mm, 0.3--0.  thick, keeled abaxially, rounded adaxially, pale blue-green; resin canals 10--20µm from margins. Seed cones 1--2 × 0.5--1cm, usually on curved stalks 2--5 × 2--2.5mm, sometimes sessile on long shoots; scales 10--30, margins entire, brown-strigose to-tomentose at base; bracts mucronate or tipped by awn to 1mm, hidden by mature scales, at first dark red to violet, later turning yellow-brown. Pollen 53--65µm diam. Seeds with bodies 2--3mm, wings 4--6mm. 2 n =24.
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A deciduous conifer. It is a medium sized tree. It grows to 25 m high and 40 cm across the trunk. The trunk is slender and straight. The crown is a narrow cone shape. The bark is smooth and grey when young and becomes reddish-brown and scaly with age. The leaves are flattened above and have a keel below. They are triangular or four sided in cross section. They are 2-5 cm long. They are bluish-green. There are 15-60 leaves per tuft. The seed cones are oval and 1-2 cm long. They are light brown. They are on short curved stalks. There are about 20 smooth scales.
Tree to 20 m; lvs soft, very slender, 10–25 mm, light green; cones with 10–18 glabrous scales, red at first, pale brown and 1–2 cm when ripe. Mostly in bogs; Nf. and Lab. to Alas., s. to n. N.J., W.Va., O., n. Ill., and Minn.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5
Mature height (meter) 18.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Lowland boreal and subarctic forests, often forming pure forests in the south of its range in swamps and wet soils, sometimes also on dry plateau or slopes in the north of its range; at elevations up to 1,220 metres.
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It is a cool temperate plant. It grows in cold, wet, poorly drained sites. It grows better on moist well-drained sites. It can grow in the Arctic circle. It suits hardiness zones 2-8. Arboretum Tasmania.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 2-6

Usage

The resin from the bark is chewed. The branches and needles are used to make tea.
Uses beverage fiber fodder fuel material medicinal tea timber wood
Edible leaves roots shoots
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (bark), Cough Medicine (bark), Disinfectant (bark), Kidney Aid (bark), Blood Medicine (bark), Burn Dressing (bark), Cold Remedy (bark), Strengthener (bark), Tuberculosis Remedy (bark), Unspecified (bark), Venereal Aid (bark), Other (bark), Veterinary Aid (bark), Stimulant (bark), Expectorant (bark), Analgesic (bark), Herbal Steam (bark), Disinfectant (leaf), Analgesic (leaf), Herbal Steam (leaf), Cough Medicine (root), Unspecified (root), Diuretic (unspecified), Cough Medicine (unspecified), Unspecified (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Antiemetic (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Antirheumatic (Internal) (unspecified), Blood Medicine (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Venereal Aid (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Poultice (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Alterative (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 11 - 13
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Larix laricina leaf picture by mariejodu (cc-by-sa)
Larix laricina leaf picture by dredodo (cc-by-sa)
Larix laricina leaf picture by kathy gilbert (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Larix laricina flower picture by dredodo (cc-by-sa)
Larix laricina flower picture by Lucas Stewart (cc-by-sa)
Larix laricina flower picture by Michel G (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Larix laricina fruit picture by anaïs demagny (cc-by-sa)
Larix laricina fruit picture by anaïs demagny (cc-by-sa)
Larix laricina fruit picture by dredodo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Larix laricina world distribution map, present in Canada, France, and United States of America

Conservation status

Larix laricina threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30017098-2
WFO ID wfo-0000443246
COL ID 6NYVX
BDTFX ID 101326
INPN ID 717287
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Larix laricina f. depressa Larix tenuifolia Pinus laricina Larix fraseri Larix intermedia Larix rubra Larix americana Larix alaskensis Pinus intermedia Abies microcarpa Larix laricina f. laricina Pinus microcarpa Picea microcarpa Larix laricina f. lutea Larix laricina f. parvistrobus Larix americana var. incurva Larix laricina var. alaskensis Larix laricina var. americana Larix laricina var. lutea Pinus larix var. rubra Pinus larix var. nigra Pinus larix var. alba Larix laricina subsp. alaskensis Pinus larix var. americana Larix laricina var. parvistrobus Larix americana var. rubra Larix americana var. prolifera Larix dahurica var. americana Larix microcarpa Larix laricina