Lepidium bonariense L.

Argentine pepperweed (en), Passerage de Buenos Aires (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Lepidium

Characteristics

Annual to perennial herb, with taproot (in older plants thick) and 1–several stems.. Stems erect or ascending, 20–70 cm. tall, branching in the upper parts, puberulous with nearly linear straight to recurved hairs.. Basal and lower cauline leaves 4–7 cm. long, bi-to tripinnatipartite with very narrow almost linear lobes, entire or dentate to serrate; upper leaves like the basal ones, or indistinctly petioled, attenuate, narrowly elliptic in outline, pinnate to pinnatifid with linear to lanceolate, coarsely serrate lobes (uppermost leaves even undivided, nearly linear, serrate to entire); all leaves thin, moderately to sparsely puberulous.. Racemes terminal, with minute greenish flowers, in fruit dense, up to 15 cm. long; pedicels 2.5–5.5 mm., ascending to spreading, curved, puberulous.. Sepals ± 1 mm. long, ovate, green with membranous margins and scattered hairs.. Petals shorter than sepals or absent, almost linear, usually 0.5–0.8 mm. long.. Stamens 2 (median); filaments basally bulbiform, at each side with cylindrical to obtusely triangular nectarial glands.. Ovary circular, emarginate, with almost sessile stigma.. Siliculae suborbicular, 2.8–4 mm. long, 2.5–3 mm. broad, widely and deeply emarginate; style very short, with stigma completely within the sinus, usually close to its bottom.. Seeds with a narrow hyaline wing, light red-brown, 1.4–1.8 mm. long, ± 0.9 mm. broad.. Fig. 5/2, p. 18.
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Erect herb usually not branching from the base, 15-60 cm high. Stem densely hairy or puberulous, leafy. Basal leaves rosulate, petiolate, bipinnatipartite, densely hairy. Upper leaves pinnatifid, thinly hairy or puberulous, glabrescent. Racemes terminal, later apparently leaf-opposed, as they become overtopped by lateral shoots; rhachis hairy or puberulous. Pedicels erect-arcuate, in fruit 3-6 mm long. Sepals 0.8-1 mm long, oblong, green, often tinged with purple, margins membranous, puberulous when young. Petals 0.1-0.8 mm long, linear or subulate-lanceolate, white. Stamens 2; filaments subulate. Nectaries small, triangular-rounded. Siliculae 3-3.5 x 2.6-3.2 mm, obovate or subcircular, emarginate with small apical wings; style very short, included in the sinus. Seeds 1.5-2 x 0.9-1.2 mm, semi-ovoid, very narrowly winged on the outer, rounded margin, minutely papillose.
Annual or biennial. Stem erect, branched above, hairy, (10)-20-45-(90) cm tall. Lvs hairy. Basal and lower stem lvs falling at flowering, 2-3-pinnatisect with linear segments, (2)-3-10 × 1-4 cm; petiole expanded at base, < lamina. Upper stem lvs becoming sessile, pinnatifid, 1-3 × 0.5-1.5 cm. Racemes 5-15-(30) cm long; rachis hairy; pedicels hairy, spreading, 2.5-4 mm long at fruiting. Sepals with long tangled hairs or glabrous, 0.5-1 × 0.3-0.5 mm. Petals white, linear, much < sepals or 0. Stamens 2. Silicle circular or broadly elliptic, 2.5-3.5 × 2.5-3.5 mm; style free from the narrow wing, c. 0.1 mm long, not protruding beyond the apical notch; valves glabrous with fine veins when ripe. Seeds brown, ovoid, winged, c. 1.5 mm long.
A cabbage family herb which either re-grows each year or can take 2 years to complete its life cycle. It grows 50 cm high. The stems are erect and branched. They are hairy. The leaves at the base have leaf stalks. These leaf blades are divided into 2 or 3 leaflets along the stalk. The leaves are 3-10 cm long and 1-4 cm wide. The lobes are narrow. The stem leaves become smaller up the stem. They do not have leaf stalks. The leaves are deeply divided or toothed. The flowers are dense. The petals are narrow and white. The fruit develop along the flowering stalk from the bottom up. Their stalks are 2-3 mm long. The dry pods are short and 2.5-3.5 mm long. The seeds are broadly oval and 1.5 mm long.
Annual or biennial herb to 50 cm high, erect, puberulous with weak or reflexed hairs. Basal leaves bi-to tri-pinnatisect, to 8 cm long, the lobes up to 2 mm wide; cauline leaves reducing, pinnate to serrate, puberulous, the marginal hairs somewhat sabre-like. Inflorescence a dense, elongating raceme. Sepals c. 0.5 mm long. Petals shorter than sepals, white. Stamens 2, median. Stigma subsessile. Silicula dehiscent, broadly ovate, 2–3.5 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, glabrous; wing narrow in upper half, forming shallow open notch approximately one-eighth length of fruit; pedicels 2–3 mm long, puberulous on adaxial surface, ascending. Seeds c. 1.5 mm long; radicle incumbent.
Annual herb, 0.15-0.60 m high, erect, not branching from base. Stems puberulous, leafy. Leaves: basal leaves rosulate, petiolate, bipinnatipartite, densely hairy; upper leaves pinnatifid, puberulous, glabrescent. Inflorescence a terminal raceme; rachis hairy or puberulous. Sepals oblong, green, often tinged with purple, margins membranous, puberulous when young. Petals linear or subulate-lanceolate, white. Nectaries triangular-rounded. Fruit a silicula, obovate or subcircular, emarginate with small, apical wings. Seeds semi-ovoid, margins narrowly winged, rounded, minutely papillose.
Annual herb, up to 0.6 m high. Stems erect; leafy; densely hairy or puberulous. Leaves with basal leaves rosulate, petiolate, blade bipinnatipartite, densely hairy; upper leaves pinnatifid, puberulous or glabrescent. Flowers: in terminal racemes, later apparently leaf-opposed as they become overtopped by lateral shoots; stamens 2; nectaries triangular-rounded; petals linear or narrowly subulate-ovate, 0.1-0.8 mm long, white; Jun.-Nov. Fruit with pedicels erect-arcuate; siliculae obovate or subcircular, 3.0-3.5 x 2.6-3.2 mm, emarginate, with small apical wings.
Erect herb, up to 0.6 m high. Basal leaves bipinnatipar-tite, densely hairy; upper leaves pinnatifid, puberulous or glabrescent. Siliculae emarginate, with small apical wings. Flowers white.
Silicule up to 3.5 x 2.8 mm., broadly elliptic to suborbicular, slightly winged at the apex and clearly emarginate with the remains of the style included in the emargination.
Lower cauline leaves up to about 7 cm. long, pinnatipartite to bipinnatipartite, petiolate, pubescent; upper leaves pinnatipartite to subentire with 2.4 acute teeth.
Flowers greenish-white at first, pedicellate, pedicels 1–2 mm. long, in dense corymbose racemes elongating later until up to 17 cm. long.
Annual or perennial herb up to about 50 cm. tall with a single, erect rather sparsely and minutely pubescent stem.
Seeds 1.5 x 0.9 mm., orange-brown, flattened-ellipsoid, with a narrow hyaline margin.
Petals minute, less than 0.5 mm. long.
Sepals c. 1 mm. long.
Stamens 2.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 0.6
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows on waste land. It grows in warm temperate places. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 3,300 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

The leaves are used in salads.
Uses gene source medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Lepidium bonariense habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Lepidium bonariense habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Lepidium bonariense leaf picture by cabana carlos manuel (cc-by-sa)
Lepidium bonariense leaf picture by patrick vernet (cc-by-sa)
Lepidium bonariense leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Lepidium bonariense flower picture by cabana carlos manuel (cc-by-sa)
Lepidium bonariense flower picture by cabana carlos manuel (cc-by-sa)
Lepidium bonariense flower picture by cabana carlos manuel (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Lepidium bonariense fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Lepidium bonariense fruit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Lepidium bonariense fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lepidium bonariense world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, New Zealand, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:286068-1
WFO ID wfo-0000358581
COL ID 6P99N
BDTFX ID 38459
INPN ID 105604
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Nasturtium bonariense Thlaspi pinnatifidum Thlaspi bonariense Lepidium mendocinum Lepidium bonariense f. microcarpum Lepidium bonariense var. pseudovirginicum Lepidium bonariense var. hirsutulum Lepidium bonariense var. microcarpum Lepidium bonariense var. bonariense Thlaspi multifidum Lepidium bonariense