Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.

Prairie peppergrass (en), Passerage densiflore (fr), Passerage à fleurs denses (fr), Passerage à fleurs serrées (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Lepidium

Characteristics

Annuals or biennials; puberulent or glabrous, (trichomes cylindrical). Stems simple from base, erect, branched distally, (1-)2.5-5(-6.5) dm. Basal leaves (early withered); rosulate; petiole 0.5-1.5(-2) cm; blade oblanceolate, spatulate, or oblong, (1.5-)2.5-8(-11) cm × 5-10(-20) mm, margins coarsely serrate or pinnatifid. Cauline leaves shortly petiolate; blade narrowly oblanceolate or linear, (0.7-)1.3-6.2(-8) cm × (0.5-)1.5-10 (-18) mm, base attenuate to cuneate, not auriculate, margins usually entire or irregularly serrate to dentate, rarely pinnatifid. Racemes considerably elongated in fruit; rachis puberulent, trichomes straight, slender to subclavate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate-ascending to horizontal, straight or slightly recurved, (terete), (1.5-)2-3.5(-4) × 0.15-0.25 mm, puberulent adaxially. Flowers: sepals oblong, 0.5-0.8(-1) × 0.3-0.5 mm; petals (absent or rudimentary) white, filiform, 0.3-0.9 mm, claw absent; stamens 2, median; filaments 0.6-1(-1.8) mm; anthers 0.1-0.2 mm. Fruits obovate to obovate-suborbicular, (2-)2.5-3(-3.5) × 1.5-2.5(-3) mm (widest beyond middle), apically winged, apical notch 0.2-0.4 mm deep; valves thin, smooth, not veined, glabrous or sparsely puberulent (at least on margin); style 0.1-0.2 mm, included in apical notch. Seeds ovate, 1.1-1.3 (-1.5) × 0.8-0.9 mm. 2n = 32.
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Herbs annual or biennial, (10-)25-50(-65) cm tall, puberulent with minute straight papillae, rarely glabrous. Stems erect, branched above. Basal leaves rosulate, withered early; petiole 0.5-1.5(-2) cm; leaf blade often oblanceolate, rarely spatulate or oblong, (1.5-)2.5-8(-11) cm × 5-10(-20) mm, base attenuate, margin coarsely serrate or pinnatifid, apex acute. Cauline leaves shortly petiolate; leaf blade narrowly oblanceolate or linear, irregularly serrulate or dentate, rarely subentire, reduced in size upward. Infructescences dense; rachis papillae straight, slender or subclavate. Fruiting pedicels slender, divaricate, slightly recurved, somewhat flattened, (1.5-)2-3.5(-4) mm, puberulent or papillate adaxially. Sepals oblong, 0.5-0.8(-1) × 0.3-0.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely pilose near apex, margin white. Petals usually absent, rarely filiform and 0.3-0.9 mm. Stamens 2; filaments filiform, 0.6-1 mm; anthers ovate, 0.1-0.2 mm. Fruit obovate to obovate-suborbicular, (2-)2.5-3(-3.5) × 1.5-2.5(-3) mm, widest above middle, apex obtuse or emarginate; apical wings ca. 0.5 mm; apical notch 0.2-0.4 mm; style 0.1-0.2 mm, included in apical notch. Seeds brown, ovate, wingless or obscurely winged, 1.1-1.3(-1.5) × 0.8-0.9 mm; cotyledons incumbent. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Jul. 2n = 32.
Biennial. Stems ascending to erect, branching above, to 60 cm tall, with short, curved hairs, sometimes glabrous below. Lvs finely papillate at least beneath. Basal and lower stem lvs falling at fruiting, deeply toothed to pinnatifid. Upper lvs oblanceolate, toothed, becoming linear, entire or 3-fid at apex, 10-15-(30) × 1-2-(5) mm. Racemes (5)-8-12 cm long; rachis and upper side of pedicels shortly hairy; pedicels erecto-patent, 2-2.5 mm long at fruiting. Fls minute, densely crowded; sepals glabrous, green, c. 1 × 0.4 mm. Petals white, minute or 0. Stamens 2. Silicle c. 2.5 × 2-2.5 mm, circular to broadly obovate; style very short; stigma included in narrow notch; valves pale brown, glabrous. Seeds brown, ovoid, very narrowly winged, c. 1.2 mm long.
Thinly short-hairy annual or biennial, 2–5 dm; basal lvs 4–7 cm, coarsely dentate to pinnately lobed; cauline lvs shorter, linear or narrowly oblanceolate, mostly entire, sharply acute; mature racemes erect, 5–10 cm, with 9–15 frs per cm; pet none, or shorter than the sep, linear to narrowly spatulate; stamens 2; fr 2–3.3 mm, nearly or fully as wide, obovate-obcordate, generally broadest a little above the middle, narrowly winged above; stigma included in the notch; cotyledons incumbent; 2n=32. Dry or moist soil, waste grounds, roadsides, and pastures; throughout our range and w. to the Rocky Mts. May, June. (L. apetalum, misapplied; L. neglectum)
A cabbage family herb. It grows for one or two years. It is 25-50 cm tall. The leaves at the base are in a ring. The leaves on the stems are oblong and narrow. They are 3-8 cm long by 5-10 mm wide.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination autogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.1
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry soils. Meadows, pastures, arable land, waste places, walls etc. Sandy soils in disturbed areas in Texas.
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It is a temperate plant. In China it grows from sea level to 3,800 m above sea level.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-9

Usage

The leaves are used as a potherb.
Uses medicinal potherb
Edible leaves pods seeds
Therapeutic use Analgesic (leaf), Kidney Aid (unspecified), Dietary Aid (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Lepidium densiflorum leaf picture by Jackson Campbell (cc-by-sa)
Lepidium densiflorum leaf picture by Xanthe Dick (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Lepidium densiflorum flower picture by Stephanie Johnmark (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Lepidium densiflorum fruit picture by Manuel Barón (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lepidium densiflorum world distribution map, present in Canada, China, France, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:286137-1
WFO ID wfo-0000358306
COL ID 6P8ZX
BDTFX ID 38479
INPN ID 105612
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lepidium densiflorum Lepidium neglectum Lepidium pubicarpum Lepidium elongatum Lepidium ramosum Lepidium densiflorum var. pubecarpum Lepidium densiflorum var. elongatum Lepidium densiflorum var. macrocarpum Lepidium densiflorum var. ramosum Lepidium densiflorum var. densiflorum