Lepidium perfoliatum L.

Clasping pepperweed (en), Passerage perfoliée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Lepidium

Characteristics

Erect, sparsely hairy annual 2–5 dm, branched above; basal and lower cauline lvs pinnately dissected into linear segments; upper cauline lvs broadly ovate to subrotund, entire, deeply cordate, the rounded auricles about as long as the rest of the blade and usually overlapping; sep firm, broadly oval, 1–1.3 mm; pet narrowly spatulate, yellow, 1–1.5 mm; stamens 6; fr rhombic-elliptic, 4 × 3 mm, obscurely retuse; style about as long as the notch; 2n=16. Native of Europe, well established as a weed in w. U.S., e. to Mich. and O. and occasionally elsewhere in our range. May, June.Erect, sparsely hairy annual 2–5 dm, branched above; basal and lower cauline lvs pinnately dissected into linear segments; upper cauline lvs broadly ovate to subrotund, entire, deeply cordate, the rounded auricles about as long as the rest of the blade and usually overlapping; sep firm, broadly oval, 1–1.3 mm; pet narrowly spatulate, yellow, 1–1.5 mm; stamens 6; fr rhombic-elliptic, 4 × 3 mm, obscurely retuse; style about as long as the notch; 2n=16. Native of Europe, well established as a weed in w. U.S., e. to Mich. and O. and occasionally elsewhere in our range. May, June.
More
Herbs annual or biennial, (7-)15-40(-65) cm tall, glabrous throughout or sparsely pubescent below, often slightly glaucous. Stems erect, simple at base, branched above. Leaves strongly dimorphic. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves with petioles (0.5-)1-2(-4) cm; leaf blade 2-or 3-pinnatifid or-pinnatisect, (1-)3-8(-15) cm; ultimate lobes linear or narrowly oblong. Upper cauline leaves sessile; leaf blade broadly ovate, cordate, or suborbicular, (0.5-)1-3(-4) × (0.5-)1-2.5(-3.5) cm, base deeply cordate-amplexicaul, margin entire, apex acute. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, 3-5(-7) mm, slender, straight, glabrous, terete. Sepals yellowish green, oblong, 0.8-1(-1.3) × 0.5-0.8 mm. Petals yellow, narrowly spatulate, 1-1.5(-1.9) × 0.2-0.5 mm, base attenuate to a claw ca. 0.5 mm. Stamens 6; filaments 0.6-0.9 mm; anthers 0.1-0.2 mm. Fruit rhombic or orbicular, 3-4.5(-4.8) × 3-4 mm narrowly winged distally; wings apical, 0.2-0.4 mm; apical notch to ca. 0.3 mm; style 0.1-0.3 mm, as long as or shorter than apical notch. Seeds dark brown, ovate, 1.6-2(-2.3) × 1.2-1.4 mm, narrowly winged all around; cotyledons incumbent. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. May-Jul. 2n = 16.
Annuals or biennials; (glaucous), glabrous or sparsely pubescent proximally. Stems simple from base, erect, branched distally, (0.7-)1.5-4.3(-5.6) dm. Basal leaves rosulate; petiole (0.5-) 1-2(-4) cm; blade 2-or 3-pinnatifid or pinnatisect (lobes linear to oblong), (1-)3-8(-15) cm, margins entire. Cauline leaves sessile; blade ovate to cordate or suborbicular, (0.5-)1-3 (-4) cm × (5-)10-25(-35) mm, base deeply cordate-amplexicaul, not auriculate, margins entire. Racemes considerably elongated in fruit; rachis glabrous. Fruiting pedicels divaricate-ascending to horizontal, straight, (terete), 3-6(-7) × 0.2-0.3 mm, glabrous. Flowers: sepals oblong, 0.8-1(-1.3) × 0.5-0.8 mm; petals pale yellow, narrowly spatulate, 1-1.5(-1.9) × 0.2-0.5 mm, claw 0.5-1 mm; stamens 6; filaments 0.6-0.9 mm, (glabrous); anthers 0.1-0.2 mm. Fruits orbicular to rhombic or broadly obovate, 3-4.5 (-5) × 3-4.1 mm, apically winged, apical notch 0.1-0.3 mm deep; valves thin, smooth, not or obscurely veined, glabrous; style 0.1-0.4 mm, subequaling or slightly exserted beyond apical notch. Seeds (dark brown), ovate, 1.6-2(-2.3) × 1.2-1.4 mm. 2n = 16.
Annual or biennial herb; stems erect, 20–40 cm high; hairs simple, setulose, sparse. Leaves dimorphic; basal shape leaves petiolate, bi-to tri-pinnate, up to 10 cm long, pubescent; cauline leaves reducing to sessile, broadly ovate to cordate, entire, auriculate with overlapping lobes, glabrous. Inflorescence an elongating raceme. Sepals c. 1 mm long, spreading, sparsely setulose, delicate pink. Petals narrowly spathulate, c. 1.5 mm long, yellow. Stamens 6. Style as long as or exserted from shallow, apical notch. Silicula broadly elliptic, 3–4 mm diam., glabrous, the slight wing very narrow above, slightly emarginate. Seeds ovoid, 1.7–2 mm long, compressed with wing-like margin; radicle incumbent.
A cabbage family herb. It is a short annual plant. It grows 20-40 cm high. It has a single stem. The leaves are of two kinds. The lower leaves have lobes while the upper leaves are simple. They clasp the stem. The flowers are small and yellow.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination autogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.35
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in waste places, dry sandy slopes; near sea level to 1000 m altitude in China. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level.
More
Waste places and dry sandy slopes from near sea level to 1000 metres in western China.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-10

Usage

Sometimes eaten as a vegetable or used in traditional medicine (see Quiroz 2018 and references therein). Has potential economic value as a source of gum (Seyedi et al. 2014) and for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals (Lorestani et al. 2013).
More
Eaten as a vegetable. The young leaves are used in salads.
Uses gum medicinal
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Lepidium perfoliatum leaf picture by Ashley Scholer (cc-by-sa)
Lepidium perfoliatum leaf picture by Шамхалов Магомед (cc-by-sa)
Lepidium perfoliatum leaf picture by Ирина Демон (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Lepidium perfoliatum flower picture by Шамхалов Магомед (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Lepidium perfoliatum fruit picture by Шамхалов Магомед (cc-by-sa)
Lepidium perfoliatum fruit picture by BP Nacho (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lepidium perfoliatum world distribution map, present in Australia, Canada, China, France, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:286336-1
WFO ID wfo-0000358744
COL ID 6PBJ2
BDTFX ID 38541
INPN ID 105658
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Alyssum heterophyllum Crucifera diversifolia Nasturtium perfoliatum Lepidium perfoliatum