Leucanthemum maximum Dc.

Max chrysanthemum (en), Marguerite élevée (fr), Grande marguerite (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Leucanthemum

Characteristics

Scarcely scented, perennial herb. Stems erect, up to c. 1 m tall, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, striate, simple or branched at base or above. Basal and lower cauline lvs petiolate, narrow-elliptic, acute to obtuse at apex, cuneate, evenly 1-serrate, glabrous, up to c. 30 × 4 cm; cauline lvs similar to basal but above becoming smaller, apetiolate, amplexicaul, the uppermost lanceolate to linear and sometimes almost entire. Involucral bracts 6-12 mm long, glabrous; margins and apex brown, membranous; inner bracts at least with extended apical flap. Capitula solitary, (50)-70-120 mm diam.; ray florets 20-40; ligules white; disc florets numerous, yellow. Achenes 2.5-4 mm long, dark brown with paler ribs; achenes of disc florets ± terete or somewhat flattened, with 10 ± equal ribs, and corona 0; achenes of ray florets similar to those of disc florets but with lateral ribs sometimes somewhat thicker, and an irregular corona up to c. 1 mm long.
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Perennials, 20–60(–80+) cm. Stems simple or distally branched. Basal leaves: petioles 50–80(–200+) mm, expanding into obovate to spatulate blades 50–80(–120+) × 15–25(–35+) mm, margins not lobed, usually toothed, rarely entire. Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile; blades oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, 50–120+ × 8–22+ mm, margins of mid-stem leaves usually entire proximally, regularly serrate distally. Involucres 18–28+ mm diam. Phyllaries (the larger) 2–3 mm wide. Ray florets 21–34+; laminae 20–30(–40+) mm. Ray cypselae 2–3(–4) mm, apices usually bare, rarely obscurely auriculate. 2n = 90, 108.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Not known in a truly wild situation, it is possibly no more than a form of L. vulgare.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

Uses environmental use
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings, divisions or seedlings.
Mode cuttings divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Leucanthemum maximum habit picture by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum maximum habit picture by Eric Favre (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum maximum habit picture by Pierre A. (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Leucanthemum maximum leaf picture by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum maximum leaf picture by Tuyet Tram DANG NGOC (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum maximum leaf picture by Gabriel Alves (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Leucanthemum maximum flower picture by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum maximum flower picture by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)
Leucanthemum maximum flower picture by Fabien Sibenaler (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Leucanthemum maximum world distribution map, present in Andorra, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Myanmar, New Zealand, Poland, Puerto Rico, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:230047-1
WFO ID wfo-0000081207
COL ID 7247H
BDTFX ID 38719
INPN ID 105799
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Matricaria maxima Leucanthemum maximum Chrysanthemum maximum Chrysanthemum burbankii Leucanthemum lawatum Tanacetum maximum Chrysanthemum grandiflorum Matricaria ceratophylloides Phalacrodiscus ceratophylloides Chrysanthemum grandiflorum Chrysanthemum maximum Phalacrodiscus maximus Chrysanthemum leucanthemum subsp. maximum Leucanthemum vulgare subsp. maximum