Leymus racemosus (Lam.) Tzvelev

Mammoth wildrye (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Leymus

Characteristics

Very robust, yellow-green or glaucous tufts, 75-150-(200) cm, with stout rhizomes, often forming large patches. Leaf-sheath glabrous or very sparsely very fine hairy, firmly chartaceous, yellowish, adaxially shining, shredding into fibres at maturity, with chartaceous glabrous auricles 1.5-3 mm. Ligule 1-2-(3.5) mm, rim-like, minutely ciliate. Leaf-blade 10-65 cm × 4.5-16 mm, flat, to involute above, abaxially sometimes with very short fine hairs above collar, otherwise glabrous, adaxially strongly ribbed and finely pubescent-scabrid there, narrowed to smooth, hard, pungent tip. Culm 50-110-(160) cm, stout, erect, internodes glabrous except below nodes. Spike 25-40-(50) × (1.5)-2-3.5 cm, stiff, erect, tapered above, spikelets in clusters of 3s to 5s at nodes, or occasionally some paired, well-spaced near base and imbricate above; rachis angled with fine hairs on angles. Spikelets 15-25 mm, 4-6-flowered, straw-coloured, included by glumes. Glumes equal, very narrow-lanceolate, 1-3-nerved, smooth, coriaceous, the long-acuminate tip produced into fine shining awn, becoming ± patent, asymmetric at base, margins sometimes sparsely scabrid, adaxially finely hairy especially centrally. Lemma 10-15.5 mm, 5-7-nerved, elliptic, abaxially silky-pubescent below, glabrous near acute apex, adaxially with appressed very short silky hairs. Palea ≈ lemma, interkeel glabrous, shortly ciliate at notched apex. Callus 0.5 mm, bearded with long hairs. Rachilla 3-4 mm, hairy. Lodicules 2 mm, very long ciliate. Anthers 4.5-6.5 mm, sometimes pollen-sterile. Gynoecium golden: ovary 2 mm, hair covered; stigma-styles 2.5 mm. Caryopsis c. 6.5 × 2 mm.
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Culms to 100 cm tall, ca. 10 mm in diam., stout, scaberulous pubescent below raceme. Leaf sheath membranous at margin; ligule ca. 2 mm, membranous, apex truncate; leaf blade glaucous green, 20–40 × ca. 1.5 cm, abaxial surface smooth, adaxial surface and margin scabrous. Spike 15–30 × 1–2 cm; rachis stout, glabrous. Spikelets 4–6 per node, pale glaucous green, 1.5–2.2 cm, with 3–5 florets. Glumes linear-lanceolate, 12–20 mm, with robust midvein and 2 faint lateral veins, apex long acuminate. Lemma lanceolate, 7-veined, softly hairy proximally, awnless; first lemma 15–20 mm. Palea slightly shorter than lemma. Fl. and fr. Jun–Sep. 2n = 28.
It is a grass that keeps growing from year to year. It grows 1 m tall. The stems are 1 cm across. The leaf blade is 20-40 cm long by 1.5 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Dry sandy soils. Coastal and riverside sands, sandhills, and sandy steppes.
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It is a temperate plant. It grows in sandy places.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The grains are used as food. The young underground shoots are sweet and tender and can be eaten raw.
Uses animal food environmental use food gene source
Edible seeds shoots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leymus racemosus unspecified picture

Distribution

Leymus racemosus world distribution map, present in Bulgaria, China, Colombia, Micronesia (Federated States of), Greece, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Montenegro, New Zealand, Romania, Russian Federation, Turks and Caicos Islands, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:407344-1
WFO ID wfo-0000878229
COL ID 72758
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Elymus giganteus Elymus mexicanus Hordeum giganteum Leymus giganteus Leymus racemosus Leymus sabulosus Triticum sabulosum Elymus arenarius Elymus attenuatus Elymus macrostachys Elymus sabulosus Elymus racemosus Elymus giganteus f. attenuatus Elymus giganteus f. crassinervius Elymus giganteus f. pruinosus Leymus crassinervius Leymus klokovii Elymus arenarius subsp. sabulosus Elymus arenarius var. giganteus Elymus arenarius var. sabulosus Elymus giganteus var. attenuatus Elymus giganteus var. crassinervius Elymus giganteus var. cylindraceus Elymus racemosus var. sabulosus Elymus sabulosus var. depauperatus Leymus racemosus subsp. crassinervius Leymus racemosus subsp. depauperatus Leymus racemosus subsp. klokovii Leymus racemosus subsp. sabulosus Elymus giganteus var. sabulosus Leymus racemosus var. crassinervius Leymus racemosus var. cylindraceus Leymus racemosus var. sabulosus