Lithocarpus echinifer (Merr.) A.Camus

Species

Angiosperms > Fagales > Fagaceae > Lithocarpus

Characteristics

Tree 20-35 m, 20-80 cm ø; buttresses up to 3 m tall, 2 m out, 5 cm thick; bark greyish brown, irregularly fissured to flaky. Branchlets initially densely yellowish brown tomentose by woolly, simple or stellate hairs, later subglabrous, densely or sparsely warty lenticellate; terminal buds ovoid-ellipsoid, ½-1 by ⅓-½ cm, scales ovate to linear-acute, recurved. Stipules linear-acute, ½-1 by ⅓-½ cm, recurved, rather long-persistent, and sometimes crowded near the tip of a young twig. Leaves thick-coriaceous, (15-)18-20(-30) by (5-)7-10(-15) cm (index 2½-3), broadest at or rarely above the middle; surfaces more or less concolorous, above glabrous, dull to glossy, underneath densely greyish tomentose with adpressed stellate hairs; base rounded to cuneate, margin entire, sometimes undulate, top abruptly acute to ½-1 cm acuminate; midrib prominent on both sides; nerves (9-)11-12(-13) pairs, thinly prominent beneath, subparallel, at an angle of 45-60°, arcuating but not anastomosing towards the margin; reticulation fine, dense, subscalariform, obscure on both sides; petiole 1½-2½ cm, 2-4 mm ø, adaxially flat. Inflorescence densely fulvous stellate-hairy; bracts linear-acute, recurved, 5-6 by ½ mm, bracteoles ovate-acute, 1-1½ by ⅔ mm. Male rachis 10-25 cm, 1½-2 mm ø; ♂ flowers in clusters of 3-7, perianth 6-7-lobed, stamens 12, filaments 3½-5 mm, anthers 0.3-0.4 mm long, pistillode subglobose, 1-1½ mm ø. Female rachis not known. Young infructescence 15-20 cm, 3 mm ø; ♀ flowers (seen on a young fruit): perianth 6-lobed, staminodes 12, rudimentary, styles 3, conical, 1½-2 mm, recurved; young cupule obovoid, densely fulvous-tomentose, scales recurved, hook-shaped. Ripe cupule subsessile to 1-2 cm stalked, obconical, 2-4 cm long, 3-5 cm ø; wall up to ½ cm thick, outside densely brownish tomentose by short stellate hairs; scales spirally set, recurved, 2-5 mm long, rather woody; enclosing the greater part of the fruit except for an opening of ½-1 cm ø. Ripe fruit subhemispherical, 2-3 cm long, 3-4 cm ø; wall woody, 4-8 mm thick, for the greater part adnate to the cupule, base rounded, top rotundate-umbonate, densely greyish brown stellate-hairy.
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Growth form tree
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Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
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Mature height (meter) 20.0 - 35.0
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Environment

Forests up to 1800 m, on sandy clayey soil, usually on river-banks. Fl. Aug.-Nov., fr. Dec-Sept.
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Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

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Cultivation

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Distribution

Lithocarpus echinifer world distribution map, present in Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:358730-1
WFO ID wfo-0000229882
COL ID 6QL8G
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lithocarpus echinifer Quercus echinifera