Lithospermum afromontanum Weim.

Species

Angiosperms > Boraginales > Boraginaceae > Lithospermum

Characteristics

Erect or straggling perennial herb or undershrub 0.5-1.8 m high, much-branched above. Leaves sessile or subsessile, 35-70(95) x 5-20(27) mm, elliptic to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, with ± appressed bulbous-based short hairs surrounded by cystoliths above, hairy below, discolorous, acute at apex, cuneate to obtuse at base, margins slightly revolute, with 1-3 nerves on each side of the midrib. Cymes up to 22(30) cm long at maturity, simple or 2-, rarely 3-4-branched, lax; bracts subsessile, similar the leaves but usually smaller. Flowers usually extra-axillary, pedicelled, heterostylous; pedicels 2-3 mm long, up to 8 mm long on the fruit. Calyx 2.5-5.0 mm long, up to 10 mm long on the fruit, bristly hairy outside, strigose inside; lobes linear to lanceolate, acute, subequal or unequal. Corolla infundibuliform, appressed hairy outside, yellowish; tube 4.5-7.0 mm long, glabrous or glandular hairy inside; glandular invaginations in the throat ± trapeziform; nectaries at the base of the tube 10, free or ± united; corolla lobes 1.5-3.5 x 1.5-3.5 mm, circular to oblong, rounded at apex, papillose inside, margin more or less undulate, spreading. Stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla tube, often near the throat; anthers 1.0-1.5 mm long, oblong, rounded at the ends, sometimes apiculate; filaments 0.5-0.8 mm long, glabrous. Ovary c. 0.6 mm wide, glabrous; style 1.2-1.6 mm long in short-styled flowers, c. 3 mm long in medium-styled ones and c. 7 mm long in the long-styled ones; stigmas 2, terminal or subterminal. Fruit often with 1 nutlet, less often with 2 or 3; nutlets c. 3.5 x 2.5 mm, ovoid, rounded dorsally and obtusely keeled ventrally.
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Perennial often straggling subshrubby herb 0.3–1.5 m. tall; stems branched above, strigose or hairy.. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, 3–5.5(–7.5) cm. long, 0.5–1.2(–2.2) cm. wide, acute at the apex, narrowed to the base, discolorous, covered on both faces with hairs slightly dilated at the base, those on the upper surface often with a ring of cystolith cells; lower leaves ± sessile, the upper shortly petiolate.. Cymes attaining 30 cm., many-flowered, lax; bracts subsessile, 0.5–3 cm. long, 2–9 mm. wide, ± opposed; pedicels 2–3 mm. long, accrescent to 5–9 mm. in fruit.. Calyx divided to the base into often unequal lobes 3–5 mm. long, 0.6 mm. wide, accrescent in fruit and attaining 6–8 mm.. Corolla white to yellow; tube 4.5–7 mm. long, pubescent outside and with papillate swellings obstructing the throat; limb 5–8 mm. wide, the lobes ± rounded, 2.2–4 mm. long and wide, ± narrowed to the base.. Ovary 0.7 mm. diameter, glabrous; style 3–4(–6) mm. long with 2 minute terminal stigmas; an annular nectary inserted at the base of the tube and forming a 10-lobed swelling or with 10 completely separate lobes.. Nutlets 4 or only 1 by reduction, white, ovoid, 2.8–4 mm. long, 2–3 mm. wide, smooth and shining, often with some pale brown areas when dry.. Fig. 20.
Corolla infundibuliform, appressed hairy outside, yellowish; tube 4.5–7.0 mm. long, glabrous or glandular hairy inside; glandular invaginations in the throat ± trapeziform; nectaries at the base of the tube 10, free or ± united; corolla lobes 1.5–3.5 x 1.5–3.5 mm., circular to oblong, rounded at apex, papillose inside, margin more or less undulate, spreading.
Leaves sessile or subsessile, 35–70(95) x 5–20(27) mm., elliptic to lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, with ± appressed bulbous-based short hairs surrounded by cystoliths above, hairy below, discolorous, acute at apex, cuneate to obtuse at base, margins slightly revolute, with 1–3 nerves on each side of the midrib.
Ovary c. 0.6 mm. wide, glabrous; style 1.2–1.6 mm. long in short-styled flowers, c. 3 mm. long in medium-styled ones and c. 7 mm. long in the long-styled ones; stigmas 2, terminal or subterminal.
Stamens inserted above the middle of the corolla tube, often near the throat; anthers 1.0–1.5 mm. long, oblong, rounded at the ends, sometimes apiculate; filaments 0.5–0.8 mm. long, glabrous.
Perennial herb or shrub, 0.5-1.8 m high. Branches hirsute. Calyx somewhat shorter than corolla tube, enlarging in fruit. Nutlets smooth. Flowers yellowish.
Calyx 2.5–5.0 mm. long, up to 10 mm. long on the fruit, bristly hairy outside, strigose inside; lobes linear to lanceolate, acute, subequal or unequal.
Cymes up to 22(30) cm. long at maturity, simple or 2-, rarely 3–4-branched, lax; bracts subsessile, similar the leaves but usually smaller.
Fruit often with 1 nutlet, less often with 2 or 3; nutlets c. 3.5 x 2.5 mm., ovoid, rounded dorsally and obtusely keeled ventrally.
Flowers usually extra-axillary, pedicelled, heterostylous; pedicels 2–3 mm. long, up to 8 mm. long on the fruit.
Erect or straggling perennial herb or undershrub 0.5–1.8 m. high, much-branched above.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 1.8
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Lithospermum afromontanum world distribution map, present in Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, South Sudan, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:117941-1
WFO ID wfo-0001215486
COL ID 3VL9H
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lithospermum afromontanum