Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.

Sweet alyssum (en), Alysse maritime (fr), Lobulaire maritime (fr), Alysson maritime (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Brassicaceae > Lobularia

Characteristics

Herbs perennial, sometimes suffruticose, (5-)12-24(-40) cm tall, silvery pubescent. Stems erect, ascending, procumbent, or decumbent, basally branched; pubescent. Leaves linear, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, (1-)1.5-2.5(-4) cm × (0.8-)1.5-3(-6.5) mm, pubescent, base attenuate, margin entire, apex acute to subobtuse. Racemes many flowered, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or ascending, straight, slender, (3-)5-7(-10) mm, pubescent. Sepals green or purple, oblong, 1.5-1.8(-2.4) × 0.5-1 mm, pubescent. Petals white or deep purple, obovate or suborbicular, 2-3 × 1.5-2.5(-3) mm, abruptly narrowed to claw; claw to 1 mm. Filaments white or purple, 1.2-2 mm; anthers ovate, 0.3-0.5 mm. Fruit ovate, elliptic, or orbicular, (2-)2.3-3(-4.2) × (1.2-)1.5-2(-3) mm; valves convex, pubescent, with a distinct midvein; style 0.4-0.6 mm. Seeds light to reddish brown, 1 per ovary, lenticular, ovate or suborbicular, (1-)1.2-1.4(-2) × (0.7-)0.9-1.1(-1.5), wingless or with a narrow wing to 0.1 mm wide. Fl. and fr. throughout the year depending on locality. 2n = 24.
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Plants suffruticose (when subshrubs). Stems 0.5-2.5(-4) dm. Leaves: blade linear or lanceolate-oblanceolate, (1-)1.6-2.5(-4.2) cm × (1-)2-3(-7) mm, base attenuate, apex acute. Racemes elongated in fruit, (1-)4-8(-16) cm, (dense). Fruiting pedicels (3-)4.5-6(-9.5) mm. Flowers: sepals often tinged purplish, (1.4-)1.5-1.7 (-2.4) mm; petals broadly obovate, (1.9-)2.3-2.8(-3.1) × (1.2-)1.6-2(-2.6) mm, abruptly contracted into claw; filaments 1.2-2 mm; anthers 0.3-0.5 mm. Fruits (1.9-) 2.3-2.7(-4.2) × (1.2-)1.6-2(-2.9) mm; valve margins thin, sparsely pubescent; style 0.4-0.6 mm. Seeds light to reddish brown, not winged, (1-)1.2-1.4(-2) × (0.7-) 1-1.1(-1.6) mm. 2n = 24.
Usually perennial, rarely annual. Stems decumbent to ascending, hairy, leafy, branched below, 10-30-(45) cm tall. Lvs entire, hairy, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, subacute, 12-30 × 2-3-(4) mm. Racemes 4-15 cm long; fls crowded in globose heads; pedicels spreading, hairy, 6-7 mm long. Sepals hairy, 1.5-2 × 0.5-0.8 mm. Petals glabrous, entire, usually white, rarely purple, 2.5-3 × 1.5-2 mm. Silicle obovate, subacute, slightly inflated, 3-4 × 1.5-2.5 mm; valves membranous, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Style c. 0.6 mm long. Seeds brown, ovoid, compressed, very narrowly winged, c. 1.2 × 1 mm, 1 per locule.
A cabbage family herb. It can re-grow from seed each year or keep growing for a few years. It is about 8-15 cm tall and 20-30 cm wide. It branches freely producing a bushy plant. The leaves are narrowly sword shaped and 1.5-5 cm long. They are entire and taper to the base and the tip. They are greyish and hairy. The flowers are small and clustered at the ends of stems. The flowers are fragrant. The flowers have 4 petals arranged in a cross shape. They can be pink, purple or white. The flowering shoot lengthens as the fruit develop. The pod is 2.5-3.5 mm wide. There is one seed per section.
Annual or perennial herbs, erect or procumbent, branching from the base, 10-30 cm high; stems, leaves, pedicels, sepals and ovaries strigose with appressed medifixed hairs, glabrescent, the silicules eventually glabrous. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, entire, 2-4 cm x 2-4 mm. Racemes many-flowered, lax in fruit. Pedicels spreading ± horizontally with the fruits erect. Petals 3-3.5 mm long, blade circular, clawed. Siliculae 2.5-3.5 mm long, broadly elliptic to obovate; seeds solitary in each cell; style 0.5 mm long, slender.
Annual, occasionally perennial herb, 0.1-0.3 m high, erect or procumbent, branching from base; stems, leaves, pedicels, sepals and ovaries strigose with appressed medifixed hairs, glabrescent, siliqua eventually glabrous. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, margins entire. Inflorescence a many-flowered raceme, lax in fruit. Pedicels spreading horizontally with the fruits erect. Petals clawed, circular. Fruit a siliqua, broadly elliptic to obovate. Seeds solitary in each cell.
Perennial herb 5–40 cm high, ascending, hairy with simple or medifixed hairs. Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 2–4 cm long, almost entire, subsessile. Flowers in clusters, small, sweetly scented. Petals 2.5–4 mm long, white, pink or purple. Stamens 6. Style c. 0.5 mm long, slender, prominent. Silicula obovate to almost orbicular, 2–4 mm wide, compressed; valves convex, hairy. Seed oval, c. 1.5 mm long, compressed, narrowly winged.
Lax, diffusely branched annual to perennial, 1–3 dm, finely strigose; lvs linear to linear-oblanceolate, 2–5 cm, acute; fls fragrant, 4 mm wide; fr flattened with convex sides, elliptic, 3 × 2 mm, very sparsely hairy; ovules 1 per locule; 2n=22, 24. Native of s. Europe, often escaped from cult. in our range. All summer. (Koniga m.)
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.18 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.13 - 0.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.08
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in stony areas, waste grounds, yards from sea level to 2000 m altitude in China. It is frost hardy. It does well in sandy soil. It can grow in salty soils. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 7-10. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Wasteland, vacant land near gardens, roadside verges, foot paths, lawns, old gardens, rubbish dump, coastal sand dunes, coastal scrub.
Dry sunny places in the Mediterranean. Grows by the coast in Britain.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-10

Usage

The leaves, young stems and flowers are used to flavour salads and other dishes. They are pungent. The flowers are also candied.
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Commonly cultivated as an ornamental, often as a garden border-plant. Includes many cultivars.
Uses bee plant environmental use food medicinal ornamental
Edible flowers leaves stems
Therapeutic use Diuretic (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. Seedlings can be transplanted. The seeds are just very lightly covered with soil. Plants are spaced about 15 cm apart. Plants drop their seed and resow easily.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Lobularia maritima habit picture by El Mojito (cc-by-sa)
Lobularia maritima habit picture by soffie (cc-by-sa)
Lobularia maritima habit picture by Pierre LEON (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Lobularia maritima leaf picture by Rocío Pérez (cc-by-sa)
Lobularia maritima leaf picture by Pereira Jorge (cc-by-sa)
Lobularia maritima leaf picture by Pierre Boissier (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Lobularia maritima flower picture by Henrique João (cc-by-sa)
Lobularia maritima flower picture by Mireia Calvet (cc-by-sa)
Lobularia maritima flower picture by Dominic Bazinet (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Lobularia maritima fruit picture by Roberto Dessì (cc-by-sa)
Lobularia maritima fruit picture by Baquero Fernando (cc-by-sa)
Lobularia maritima fruit picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Lobularia maritima world distribution map, present in Australia, Canada, China, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1085072-2
WFO ID wfo-0000358665
COL ID 72LQZ
BDTFX ID 75222
INPN ID 106439
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lobularia maritima f. rubescens Koniga halymifolia Koniga maritima Lobularia halimifolia Adyseton maritimum Adyseton orbiculare Adyseton halimifolium Alyssum maritimum Alyssum odoratum Alyssum halimifolium Crucifera koniga Draba maritima Lepidium fragrans Koniga strigulosa Alyssum odoratum Ptilotrichum strigulosum Koniga maroccana Lunaria halimifolia Glyce maritima Clypeola maritima Lobularia strigulosa Alyssum halimifolium Alyssum minimum Octadenia maritima Clypeola halimifolia Lobularia maritima subsp. maritima Lobularia maritima var. rubescens Lobularia maritima

Lower taxons

Lobularia maritima subsp. columbretensis