Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Lyonia

Characteristics

Small, often crooked tree 4-6(-8) m high, trunk up to 10 cm ø, or bushy spreading shrub, occasionally epiphytic, with blackish brown or grey, deeply longitudinally fissured fibrous bark. Young branches terete, at first whitish puberulous, afterwards becoming glabrous and blackish. Leaves (in Mal.) evergreen, ovate, rather variable and sometimes ovate-elliptic or ovate-oblong (Mal.), apex short-acuminate, +-acute, base broad-attenuate or mostly rounded, sometimes subcordate, thinly coriaceous, firm, dark glossy green and glabrous above except the midrib, rusty-pubescent at least initially beneath at the midrib and nerves, glabrescent, edge very slightly recurved, (5-)6-10(-l 5) by (3-)4-5.5(-7) cm, midrib flat above, prominent beneath, nerves (8-)10-15 pairs, spreading, ± parallel, slightly curved upwards near the edge, sharply prominent beneath, veins ± transverse, reticulation dense, minutely or hardly prominent on both faces; petiole puberulous, 3—10(-12) mm. Racemes by suppression or early fall of the leaves sometimes forming a terminal false panicle, (5-)6-15(-20) cm long, +-pubescent. Flowers close together, secund, drooping. Bract linear or lanceolate, acute, caducous, 2.5-4 mm. Bracteoles small, linear-oblong. Pedicels slender, pubescent, 2-3 mm. Calyx lobes triangular-lanceolate or ovate, ± acute, ± pubescent, c. 2 mm. Corolla early caducous, narrowly elongate-ovoid to urceolate-cylindric, white to very pale cream, pubescent outside, puberulous within, 13 by 5 mm in fresh, (5-)7-9 mm in dry specimens. Stamens half as long as the corolla; filaments white, woolly at the broad base, with 2 divaricate setaceous appendices near the apex; anthers ovoid, 1-1.5 mm. Disk lobes thick, deltoid, obtuse, alternating with the 5 faint ribs of the ovary. Ovary subglobose, pubescent; style cylindric, ± as long as the corolla. Capsule globose, 4-5 mm ø, glabrous, supported by the persistent calyx.
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Shrubs or trees, deciduous or evergreen, 1–4 m tall. Twigs glabrous or pubescent. Buds narrowly ovoid, (1–)3–9(–11.5) mm, glabrous. Petiole 4–9 mm, glabrous or pubescent; leaf blade ovate, narrowly to broadly elliptic, lanceolate, or suborbicular, 3–20 × 2–12 cm, papery to thinly leathery, both surfaces ± with white or brown hairs, rarely abaxially densely white villous on midvein or subglabrous, veins prominently raised to slightly depressed or nearly obscure, base obtuse, cuneate, or sometimes cordate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 5–20 cm, pubescent; lower 1–3(or 4) bracts leaflike or not. Pedicel 2–10 mm, densely pubescent. Calyx lobes oblong or triangular, 2–6 mm, densely or sometimes sparsely pubescent. Corolla tubular, 8–11 mm, abaxially densely pubescent; lobes ca. 1 mm. Filaments 5–8 mm, pilose, with 2 spurs at apex. Ovary glabrous or pubescent. Capsule globose or ovoid, 3–5 mm in diam., with thick sutures or not, glabrous to densely pubescent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. 2n = 24*.
A shrub. It grows 1-4 m tall. The leaves are narrowly oval and 3-20 cm long by 2-12 cm wide. They are hairy. The flowering shoots are 5-20 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 1.85 - 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.3
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In flattish or hilly mountain localities („padangs"), often from 915 m up, from other places recorded from 1220-2135 m.Fl. March-Aug., fr. May-Sept. Leafless for a short time in March in the Cameron Highlands.
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Common in sunny places on hills, in scrub and on the edges of oak, pine and rhododendron woods.
It is a temperate plant. It grows between 200-3,400 m above sea level.
Light 3-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 1-4
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

Caution: The leaves are toxic to animals.
Uses charcoal material medicinal poison seasoning wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Insecticides (flower), Anti-poisoning (flower), Skin diseases (flower), Anthelmintics (leaf), Eczema (leaf), Furunculosis (leaf), Insect repellents (leaf), Insecticides (leaf), Lice infestations (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Snake bites (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Eczema (seed), Furunculosis (seed), Wounds and injuries (seed), Anthelmintics (shoot), Skin diseases (shoot), Wounds and injuries (shoot), Skin diseases (stem), Boil (unspecified), Dermatosis (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Pimple (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Cachexia (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Insecticides (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Lyonia ovalifolia unspecified picture

Distribution

Lyonia ovalifolia world distribution map, present in Argentina, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Iceland, Japan, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Lyonia ovalifolia threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60447937-2
WFO ID wfo-0001047539
COL ID 3WSSG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lyonia ovalifolia Pieris ovalifolia Lyonia ovalifolia var. ovalifolia

Lower taxons

Lyonia ovalifolia var. rubrovenia Lyonia ovalifolia var. hebecarpa Lyonia ovalifolia var. lanceolata Lyonia ovalifolia var. elliptica Lyonia ovalifolia var. tomentosa