Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.

Horsegram (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Macrotyloma

Characteristics

Perennial or annual climbing herb up to 0·6 m. long, often from a tough rootstock, possibly sometimes suberect.. Stems sparsely to fairly densely covered with ± spreading soft whitish hairs.. Leaflets 3, ovate-rhomboid, obovate or elliptic, the laterals oblique, 1–3·5(–8 in Indian material) cm. long, 0·7–2·7(–7·8 in Indian material) cm. wide, rounded or subacute at the apex, rounded at the base, rather thin, glabrescent to pubescent or rarely velvety on both surfaces; petiole 0·8–6·8 cm. long; rhachis 2·5–10 mm. long; petiolules 1–2 mm. long; stipules lanceolate, 4–8 mm. long, veined.. Flowers axillary in (1–)2–3 (–5)-flowered fascicles; peduncle and rhachis 0–1·5 cm. long; pedicels 1–7 mm. long; bracts linear, ± 2 mm. long; bracteoles linear, ± 3 mm. long.. Calyx pubescent; tube 2 mm. long; lobes triangular-lanceolate, 3–8 mm. long, attenuate to an acuminate or filiform apex, upper pair entirely joined.. Standard cream, yellow or greenish-yellow, often with a small central purple blotch inside, obovate-oblong, 0·6–1·2 cm. long, 4–7 mm. wide; wings and keel greenish-yellow.. Pods linear-oblong, 3–5·5 cm. long, 4–8 mm. wide, acuminate, at first densely, later more sparsely silky pilose with long hairs or glabrous, smooth or warty along the margins.. Seeds pale to dark reddish-brown, speckled and mottled with black and orange-brown or all black, trapezoidal, oblong or rounded-reniform; margins ± keeled, longest dimension 3–4·2 mm., shorter dimension 2·8–3·5 mm., thickness 1·5–2 mm.; hilum and rim-aril minute.
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Climbing (possibly sometimes suberect) herb up to 60 cm long, from a perennial fibrous rootstock. Stems annual, sparsely to densely spreading or appressed sericeous. Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets 1-3.5 x 0.7-2.7 cm, ovate-rhombic, obovate or elliptic, rounded or subacute at the apex, rounded at the base, rather thin, laterals oblique, midvein not central, glabrescent to pubescent or rarely velvety on both surfaces; petiole 0.8-6.8 cm long; rhachis 2.5-10 mm long; petiolules 1-2 mm long; stipules 4-8 mm long, lanceolate, striate. Flowers axillary, in pairs or in 3(5)-flowered fascicles, rarely solitary; peduncle and rhachis 0-15 mm long; pedicels 1-7 mm long; bracts 2 mm long, linear; bracteoles 3 mm long, linear, attenuate to an acuminate or filiform apex. Calyx pubescent; tube 3 mm long; lobes 3 mm long, linear, upper pair completely fused. Standard cream, yellow or greenish-yellow, often with a small central purple blotch inside, 6-12 x 4-7 mm, obovate-oblong; wings and keel greenish-yellow, 5-10 mm long. Pods 30-55 x 4-8 mm, linear-oblong, acuminate, densely pilose when young, later more sparsely so, glabrous, smooth or warty along the margins, 7-10-seeded. Seeds pale to dark reddish-brown, speckled and mottled with black and orange-brown or all black, 3-4 x 3-4 x 1.5-2 mm, trapezoidal, oblong or rounded-reniform, margins keeled; hilum and rim aril minute.
Perennial or annual, climbing herbs, to 60 cm tall. Stems clothed with whitish hairs. Stipules lanceolate, 4-8 mm; petiole 0.8-6.8 cm; leaflets 3, thin, ovate-rhomboid, obovate, or ellip­tic, oblique, 1-8 × 0.7-7.8 cm, glabrous or puberulent or rarely velutinous on both surfaces, base rounded, apex rounded or slightly acute. Flowers (1 or)2 or 3(-5) clustered in axils of leaves; peduncle and rachis of inflorescence 0-1.5 cm; bracts linear, ca. 2 mm. Calyx tube ca. 2 mm; lobes triangular-lanceo­late, 3-8 mm. Standard yellow or light yellowish green, with a purple spot in middle, obovate-oblong, 6-12 × 4-7 mm; wings and keel light yellowish green. Legumes linear-oblong, 3-5.5 × 0.4-0.8 cm, puberulent or subglabrous. Seeds light or deep red­dish brown, oblong or orbicular-reniform, 3-4.2 × 2.8-3.5 mm.
A climbing or twining herb. The young growth has white hairs. The stems are hairy. The leaves have 3 leaflets. The leaves are 3.5 cm long. The leaflets are 1-2.5 cm long by 0.7-3 cm wide. They are broadly oval. They are thin textured and with a rounded tip. The flowers are about 0.8 cm across. They are greenish-yellow. There are 1-5 flowers in a cluster in the axils of leaves. The fruit is a pod 3-5.5 cm long by 0.4-0.8 cm wide. They are slightly hairy and dark brown when ripe.
Leaves 3-foliolate; leaflets 1–3.5 × 0.7–2.7 cm, ovate-rhombic, obovate or elliptic, rounded or subacute at the apex, rounded at the base, rather thin, laterals oblique, midvein not central, glabrescent to pubescent or rarely velvety on both surfaces; petiole 0.8–6.8 cm long; rhachis 2.5–10 mm long; petiolules 1–2 mm long; stipules 4–8 mm long, lanceolate, striate.
Flowers axillary, in pairs or in 3(5)-flowered fascicles, rarely solitary; peduncle and rhachis 0–15 mm long; pedicels 1–7 mm long; bracts 2 mm long, linear; bracteoles 3 mm long, linear, attenuate to an acuminate or filiform apex.
Seeds pale to dark reddish-brown, speckled and mottled with black and orange-brown or all black, 3–4 × 3–4 × 1.5–2 mm, trapezoidal, oblong or rounded-reniform, margins keeled; hilum and rim aril minute.
Standard cream, yellow or greenish-yellow, often with a small central purple blotch inside, 6–12 × 4–7 mm, obovate-oblong; wings and keel greenish-yellow, 5–10 mm long.
Pods 30–55 × 4–8 mm, linear-oblong, acuminate, densely pilose when young, later more sparsely so, glabrous, smooth or warty along the margins, 7–10-seeded.
Climbing (possibly sometimes suberect) herb up to 60 cm long, from a perennial fibrous rootstock.
Calyx pubescent; tube 3 mm long; lobes 3 mm long, linear, upper pair completely fused.
Stems annual, sparsely to densely spreading or appressed sericeous.
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.55
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in northern Australia. In tropical Queensland it grows between 500-760 m altitude. It needs freely drained soil. It needs a temperature of 20-30°C. It cannot tolerate frost. It is drought resistant and can grow in areas with a rainfall of 900 mm per year. It suits arid areas. It needs a pH 5-7.5. It can grow in poor soils.
More
Not known
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The seeds are parched then boiled, fried or used in curries and soups. The seeds also yield an edible oil. The flour can be processed into sweetmeats. The fleshy root can be roasted and eaten. The pods are cooked and eaten.
Uses animal food breeding environmental use fodder food forage gene source manure medicinal oil
Edible fruits roots seeds
Therapeutic use Toothache (flower), Diet, food, and nutrition (leaf), Toothache (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Antiviral agents (seed), Asthma (seed), Astringents (seed), Cardiovascular system (seed), Colic (seed), Diuretics (seed), Hemagglutination (seed), Hypercholesterolemia (seed), Hypoglycemic agents (seed), Insecticides (seed), Kidney calculi (seed), Leukorrhea (seed), Lithiasis (seed), Liver diseases (seed), Menstruation disturbances (seed), Parasympatholytics (seed), Vaginal discharge (seed), Asthma (stem), Hemorrhoids (stem), Toothache (stem), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Antiviral agents (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Burns (unspecified), Calculi (unspecified), Cardiovascular system (unspecified), Common cold (unspecified), Contraceptive agents (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspnea (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Gallstones (unspecified), Graves ophthalmopathy (unspecified), Heart diseases (unspecified), Hemagglutination (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Hiccup (unspecified), Insecticides (unspecified), Kidney calculi (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Leukorrhea (unspecified), Lithiasis (unspecified), Lymphadenitis (unspecified), Measles (unspecified), Menstruation disturbances (unspecified), Menstruation-inducing agents (unspecified), Neoplasms (unspecified), Nephrolithiasis (unspecified), Neuralgia (unspecified), Pleurisy (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified), Prolapse (unspecified), Rectal fistula (unspecified), Rectal prolapse (unspecified), Rinderpest (unspecified), Smallpox (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Urolithiasis (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seed or cuttings. The seeds are sown 1-2.5 cm deep.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Macrotyloma uniflorum leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Macrotyloma uniflorum leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Macrotyloma uniflorum leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Macrotyloma uniflorum flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Macrotyloma uniflorum flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Macrotyloma uniflorum flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Macrotyloma uniflorum fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Macrotyloma uniflorum fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Macrotyloma uniflorum world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Bhutan, Botswana, China, Ethiopia, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Rwanda, Sudan, Somalia, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Macrotyloma uniflorum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:505875-1
WFO ID wfo-0000182309
COL ID 3XCPM
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Dolichos uniflorus Dolichos benadirianus Glycine uniflora Kerstingiella uniflora Macrotyloma uniflorum

Lower taxons

Macrotyloma uniflorum var. uniflorum Macrotyloma uniflorum var. stenocarpum