Maerua angolensis Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Capparaceae > Maerua

Characteristics

Tree, erect, up to 10 m high; young branches ochraceous-buff with conspicuous white or cream lenticels, glabrous, rarely puberulous. Leaves simple, petiolate; lamina elliptic or ovate, rarely obovate, 1.5-7.0 cm long, 1.3-4.2 cm wide, apex obtuse, rounded or emarginate, prominently mucronate with a slender mucron c. 1.5 mm long, base cuneate to round, margins entire, lateral veins 4 or 5, looping before margin, softly chartaceous, glabrous, rarely puberulous, green; petiole slender, 0.5-3 cm long, swollen and channelled in upper half. Inflorescence a short corymbose raceme, terminal or on short lateral branches; pedicels 1.0-1.5 cm long. Receptacle cylindric, slender, 1.0-1.6 cm long, 2.0-2.5 mm wide at mouth, ribbed, glabrous, rarely puberulous; disc coronate, 2-3 mm long, unequally laciniate. Sepals elliptic or ovate, 1.5-1.8 cm long, 6-8 mm wide, apex acute, often cucullate, glabrous orpuberulous. Petals 0. Androphore 1.2-1.7 cm long, exserted for about 2 mm beyond receptacle. Stamens 40-60, 2-2.6 cm long; anthers 1.5-2.5 mm long. Gynophore 3.5-3.7 cm long. Ovary cylindric, 0.8-1.0 cm long. Fruit moniliform, up to 18 cm long and 0.9 cm diam., faintly colliculate; seeds globose, 5-9 mm diam. smooth, beige.
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Shrub or small tree up to about 10 m. tall, often rather rambling, with spreading or drooping branches.. Young twigs pubescent or subglabrous.. Leaves petiolate, simple; blade ovate, ovate-lanceolate or elliptic, more rarely obovate to suborbicular, 3–10 cm. long, 1.5–5 cm. wide, apically obtuse, emarginate or rounded, sometimes mucronate, basally usually rounded to cordate, glabrous or more rarely pubescent; petiole 1–3 cm. long.. Inflorescence a short corymbose raceme, terminal or on short lateral branches; pedicels 8–12 mm. long.. Sepals white or pale green, marginally tomentose; receptacle narrowly cylindrical, usually rather long, 5–25 mm. long, often fleshy, ribbed.. Petals 0.. Stamens many, variable in number, 15–40 mm. long, yellow.. Ovary narrowly cylindrical, glabrous.. Fruits cylindrical, up to 22 cm. long, markedly torulose, green, verrucose, glabrous.
Tree or shrub, 3-10 m high; erect, young branches ochraceous-buff-coloured; lenticels conspicuous, white or cream-coloured; glabrous. Leaves petiolate, softly chartaceous, glabrous, rarely puberulous; elliptic or ovate, margins entire. Inflorescence corymbose raceme, short, terminal or on short, lateral branches, pedicellate. Receptacle cylindrical, slender, ribbed, glabrous, rarely puberulous; disc coronate, unequally laciniate. Sepals elliptic or ovate, glabrous or puberulous. Petals absent. Stamens 40-60. Ovary cylindrical. Fruit moniliform, faintly colliculate. Seeds globose, smooth, beige.
A tree. It grows to 10-20 m high. Young branches are yellow but older bark is darker. The branches droop. The leaves are simple and sword shaped. They are 2.5-7 cm long by 1.3-5.5 cm wide. The tip is rounded or has a notch. They taper to the base. The leaf stalk is 3 cm long and is often swollen just above the leaf. The flowers occur singly in the axils of the upper leaves. They can be in short spikes at the ends of branches. The fruit are like long slender beans. They can be 2-16 cm long by 1 cm wide. They are constricted between the beans.
Leaves simple; lamina 2.5–7 x 1.3–5.5 cm., lanceolate, broadly elliptic or ovate to broadly ovate, apex rounded or emarginate, mucronulate, base broadly cuneate or rounded, glabrous or pubescent on both sides, nerves in 5–6 pairs, slightly prominent on both sides; petioles up to 3 cm. long, often slightly swollen just below the lamina.
Inflorescence of short, terminal, corymbose racemes on the main branches or on short side branches or flower solitary in the axils of the upper leaves; pedicels up to 2.5 cm. long, glabrous or pubescent; bracts subulate, trifid with the longer middle lobe up to 3 mm. long or similar to the leaves but smaller.
Erect tree, up to 10 m high. Leaves elliptic or ovate, green, usually glabrous, chartaceous. Receptacle cylin-dric, 10-16 mm long, usually glabrous. Fruit monili-form. Flowers white.
Sepals 1–1.7 x 0.5–0.7 cm., narrowly oblong-obovate or elliptic, apex rounded to a shortly apiculate apex, pubescent on both sides or glabrous on both sides except at the margins.
Receptacle 8–15 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, cylindric, slightly wider at the mouth, glabrous or pubescent outside, with a fimbriately lobed disk, c. 2.5 mm. long at its margin within.
Shrub or small tree up to c. 8 m. tall; young branches pubescent or glabrescent, becoming densely lenticelled.
Seeds from several to numerous, c. 6 mm. in diam., subglobose, with a smooth, pale brown testa.
Stamens c. 50; filaments c. 4 cm. long; anthers 2 x 0.75 mm., narrowly oblong, arcuate.
Ovary on a gynophore up to 4 cm. long, narrowly oblong; ovules c. 80 on 2 placentas.
Androgynophore c. the same length as the receptacle.
Shrub, or tree to 30 ft. high or more, in savannah
Fruit 2–16 x 1 cm., narrowly cylindric, torulose.
Flowers white.
Petals 0.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 9.57 - 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in low altitude wooded grassland. It occurs in savannah regions. It grows in the Sahel. In Ethiopia it grows from sea level to 1,000 m altitude. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 1,500 m above sea level. It is drought tolerant. It can grow in arid places. It often grows in termite mounds.
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Deciduous woodland and bushland, scattered-tree grassland and edges of rain-forest, also coral-strands, at elevations from sea level to 1,700 metres in E. Africa. Sandy or stony soil, rocky crests, savannah with Acacia and Ziziphus in Cameroon.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The young leaves are boiled and eaten. They are usually mixed with beans or corn and eaten. The leaves can be bitter and are used as a sauce with other foods. The roots are used in porridges and as a famine food.
Uses animal food charcoal environmental use food food additive fuel gene source material medicinal poison social use vertebrate poison wood
Edible fruits leaves roots seeds
Therapeutic use Cold (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Poison (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Maerua angolensis habit picture by Leigh Winowiecki (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Maerua angolensis leaf picture by Mohamed ATTA (cc-by-sa)
Maerua angolensis leaf picture by Leigh Winowiecki (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Maerua angolensis world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Gambia, Kenya, Mali, Mozambique, Mauritania, Malawi, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, eSwatini, Chad, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Maerua angolensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:147645-1
WFO ID wfo-0000375297
COL ID 3XFSW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Maerua lucida Maerua retusa Maerua bukobensis Maerua emarginata Maerua tomentosa Maerua senegalensis Maerua thomsonii Maerua angolensis subsp. angolensis Maerua currorii Maerua angolensis

Lower taxons

Maerua angolensis subsp. socotrana Maerua angolensis var. subtomentosa Maerua angolensis var. africana