Maerua cafra (Dc.) Pax

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Capparaceae > Maerua

Characteristics

Shrub or tree, 1-9 m high, up to 25 cm diam. Bark white, mottled; younger branches often yellowish or grey-green with conspicuous lenticels. Leaves 3(4 or 5)-foliolate; leaflets elliptic or obovate, 2.0-7.5 cm long, median leaflet longer than the laterals, 0.6-3.5 cm wide, apex acute to round, rarely emarginate, mucronate, nerves immersed, rarely distinct on lower surface, then with 5-7 secondary nerves looping to form a sub-marginal vein, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous; petioles 1-6 cm long, channelled; petiolules 1-5 mm long, channelled. Inflorescence of terminal corymbs, 3-12 flowered; pedicels 1.5-3.0 cm long. Receptacle infundibular, 5-7 mm long, 4-6 mm diam. at mouth; disc not produced, margin entire or scalloped with concavities at base of sepals. Sepals 4, ovate, concave, 1.2-1.7 cm long, 0.6-1 cm wide, apex broadly acute to rounded, apiculate, margins ciliate. Petals 0. Androphore 6-7 mm long, equalling or slightly longer than receptacle. Stamens 30-45, 2-3 cm long; anthers oblong, 2.5-3.5 mm long. Gynophore 2.5-3.5 cm long, slender to stout in fruit. Ovary ellipsoid to oblong, c. 3 mm long; ovules 40-90; stigma sessile, capitate. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 1.6-4.5 cm long 1.6-3.3 cm diam., smooth to faintly colliculate; seeds 10-35 subglobose, verrucose.
More
It can be a low bush or a medium sized tree. It grows 4.5-9 m tall. The trunk is usually light coloured and mottled. The leaves are compound with 3-5 leaflets. These leaflets are oval and 8 cm long and about 2.5 cm wide. They have a pointed tip. The flowers are white and scented. They are large and have long stamens with green tips. They occur in clusters near the ends of branches. The fruit are oval or funnel shaped. They are about 4.5 cm long. They have a thick rind and are smooth and slightly ribbed. They are carried on thick stalks. They have many round seeds. The fruit is edible.
Tree or shrub, 1.5-9.0 m high; bark white, mottled; younger branches yellowish or grey-green, lenticels conspicuous. Leaves petiolate, chartaceous to coriaceous, glabrous; 3(-5)-foliate, leaflets elliptic or obovate, median leaflet longer than laterals. Inflorescence terminal corymbs, 3-12 flowered, pedicellate. Receptacle infundibular, margins entire or scalloped. Sepals 4, ovate, margins ciliate. Petals absent. Stamens 30-45. Ovary ellipsoid to oblong. Flowering time May-Dec. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, smooth to faintly colliculate. Seeds subglobose, verrucose.
Glabrous shrub or small tree up to 4 m. tall very like M. nervosa superficially but differs in the following ways: the leaflets are often acute or acuminate rather than rounded at the apices, the venation is not reticulate or prominent below; the receptacle is c. 4 mm. long and widens gradually to a diameter of 4 mm. at the mouth and lacks quadrate lobes; the sepals are narrowly ovate-acuminate and up to 2 x 1 cm.; the petals are absent; the androgynophore is not or barely exserted; the stamens are 35–40; the fruit reaches 4.5 x 2.7 cm.
Shrub or tree, up to 9 m high. Leaves 3-5-foliolate; leaflet apex acute to rounded, veins immersed. Inflorescence corymbose at ends of branches. Petals 0. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, up to 45 x 33 mm. Flowers white.
Shrub or tree with mottled bark, to 9 m. Leaves digitately 3(-5)-foliolate. Flowers in terminal corymbs, greenish.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.25 - 9.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in open woodland and dune bush. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 3-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The fruit is eaten. The root is used as a chicory substitute.
Uses food material medicinal
Edible fruits roots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Trees can be grown from seed or cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Maerua cafra unspecified picture

Distribution

Maerua cafra world distribution map, present in South Africa

Conservation status

Maerua cafra threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:147666-1
WFO ID wfo-0001290467
COL ID 47DW2
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Niebuhria cafra Niebuhria avicularis Capparis triphylla Maerua cafra Niebuhria triphylla