Maerua juncea Pax

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Capparaceae > Maerua

Characteristics

Small shrub, straggler or climber up to 5 m high; young branches green, longitudinally striate. Leaves 1(2)3-foliolate; leaflets linear, narrowly elliptic, elliptic, ovate or more rarely obovate, 2.2-7.5 cm long, the median the longer, 0.5-2 cm wide, apex obtuse, round or occasionally emarginate, with prominent mucro up to 2-5 mm long, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margins entire, lateral veins 4 or 5, looping before the margin to form conspicuous submarginal vein, chartaceous, sometimes somewhat fleshy, often glaucous, glabrous, sometimes at angle to petiole; petiole 0.3-4.5 cm long; petiolule 3-8 mm long. Inflorescence of 2-8-flowered lax racemes at the ends of the branches or solitary in the axils of the upper leaves; pedicels up to 3.5 cm long. Receptacles infundibular, 5-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide at apex, faintly ribbed; disc lobed, with lobes unequally laciniate, 1-2 mm long. Sepals 4, elliptic, 1.7-1.9 cm long, 5-6 mm wide, apex acute and navicular, glabrous or puberulous, ciliate on margins. Petals 4, white, elliptic, ovate, broadly ovate or rotund, 3.5-9 mm long, 2-4.5 mm wide, clawed, apex acuminate acute, obtuse or rounded. Androphore c. 4 mm long, usually equalling receptacle. Stamens 20-45, up to 2.1 cm long; anthers 2 mm long. Gynophore 1.9-2.2 mm long. Ovary ovoid-oblong, 3.5-5 mm long; ovules c. 40; stigma sessile, capitate. Fruits ellipsoid, sometimes tending to cylindrical, up to 4-5 cm long and 5 cm diam., colliculate or corrugated with colliculate islands or pillars. Seeds 10-20, subglobose, angled, up to 7 mm diam., rugose.
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Scrambling, sometimes much branched, shrub up to 3 m. tall with brittle glabrous branches.. Leaves petiolate, simple or 3-foliolate; blade lanceolate to broadly oblong-elliptic, 7–50 mm. long, 2–11 (–16) mm. wide, apically obtuse or somewhat acute, with the midrib excurrent, basally narrowed to rather rounded, glabrous, sometimes glaucous; petiole 3–10 mm. long.. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, few-flowered or the flowers 1–4 in the upper leaf-axils; pedicels 7–13 mm. long, thickening with age.. Sepals 11–15 mm. long, rather fleshy, glabrous outside, with a puberulent margin, sparsely lanate within; receptacle funnel-shaped, 3–4 mm. long.. Petals suborbicular or elliptic, ± 6 mm. long.. Stamens 27–38; filaments 13–25 mm. long, yellowish-white; anthers 2.2–3.5 mm. long.. Ovary rather shortly cylindrical or subellipsoid, glabrous.. Fruits ellipsoid, 2.5–3 cm. long, 1.5–2 cm. in diameter, apically rather rounded, verruculose, either almost smooth or rough, glabrous.
A scrambling shrub. It has many stems. It can be a climber. The branches arch over. It loses many leaves during the year. It can grow up to 15 m high. The leaves are alternate and grey-green. They have 1-3 leaflets. These are narrowly oval. The flowers are clustered near the ends of the branches. They are white. The petals are small and there is a half round head of long stamens. The fruit is oval and green to orange when ripe. Subspecies crustata has rough skin on the fruit and subspecies juncea has smooth fruit.
Leaves simple or 3-foliolate; leaflets 1–4.5 x 0.4–2 cm., oblong-elliptic, elliptic or lanceolate, apex rounded or subacute, mucronate, broadly cuneate or rounded at the base, often rather glaucous, nerves in 5–7 pairs, not conspicuous; petiole up to 2 cm. long; petiolules up to 5 mm. long, minutely puberulous on the upper side.
Inflorescence of 2–6-flowered lax racemes at the ends of the branches or solitary in the axils of the upper leaves; pedicels up to 4.5 cm. long; bracts trifid, setiform, caducous or like the leaves but usually simple and smaller.
Sepals 0.9–1.6 x 0.4–0.8 cm., narrowly obovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, rounded at the apex and shortly mucronate, margin densely puberulous.
Petals white, 5–8 x 3.2–6.5 mm., broadly elliptic to orbicular or rotund, rounded at the apex or acute, shortly clawed at the base.
Small shrub or climber up to 15 m. tall, glabrous except for the sepal margins and petiolules; young branches green and striate.
Receptacle c. 5 mm. long and 4 mm. wide at the mouth with an undulate dentate disc at the mouth within, funnel-shaped.
Ovary on a gynophore up to 2.3 cm. long, oblong-cylindric; ovules c. 36 on 2 placentas; stigma sessile, capitate.
Stamens 20–30, on filaments up to 2.5 cm. long; anthers 2.5 x 1 mm., oblong.
Seeds 10–20, up to 8 mm. in diam., subglobose, testa rugose.
Fruit up to 3 x 2.5 cm., ellipsoid, smooth or roughened.
Androgynophore the same length as the receptacle.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Mature height (meter) 5.0
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Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in places with a marked dry season. It can tolerate frost. It grows in areas with an annual rainfall between 50-1,400 mm. It grows in sandy and stony soils. It grows between 5-1,370 m above sea level. It is drought tolerant. It can grow in arid places.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food food material medicinal social use
Edible fruits
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Cultivation

It can be cut back and will re-grow.
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Images

Maerua juncea unspecified picture

Distribution

Maerua juncea world distribution map, present in Botswana, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Maerua juncea threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:147720-1
WFO ID wfo-0000375657
COL ID 3XFV3
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Maerua ramosissima Maerua juncea Maerua maschonica Maerua flagellaris Maerua guerichii Maerua kassakalla Maerua juncea subsp. juncea

Lower taxons

Maerua juncea subsp. crustata