Maerua parvifolia Pax

Species

Angiosperms > Brassicales > Capparaceae > Maerua

Characteristics

Spreading, virgate shrub, 1-2 m high, with slender rigid branches; branchlets often abbreviated and spine-like, white or grey, glabrous or pubescent, younger shoots frequently with long, patent hairs. Leaves simple, alternate or fasciculate, petiolate; lamina obovate or occasionally elliptic, 4-30 mm long, 1-15 mm wide, apex round, emarginate or acute, sometimes mucronulate, base cuneate to round, nerves 4-5 pairs, not visible above, slightly so below, coriaceous, variously pubescent (puberulous to tomentulose), sparsely to densely papillose, petiole 0.5-1.5 mm long, nearly glabrous to pubescent. Inflorescence of solitary or paired flowers on abbreviated lateral shoots; pedicels up to 2 cm long, glabrescent or pubescent; bracts minute, narrowly subulate, brown. Receptacle cylindric-subcampanulate 2-3.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide at throat, obscurely ribbed, pubescent outside; disc entire or denticulate, c. 0.2 mm long. Sepals green, (3)4(5), elliptic, broadly elliptic or occasionally obovate, 6-11 mm long, 2.1-5 mm wide, apex acute or rounded, cucullate, somewhat concave, puberulous outside. Petals (0-3)4, elliptic, ovate, obovate or nearly round, rarely bifid, 2-5-3 mm long, 1-2-5 mm wide, clawed sometimes conspicuously so, glabrous or puberulous. Androphore 2.75-4 mm long, slender, exserted 1-1.5 mm. Stamens 15-21, 0.8-1.8 cm long; anthers 2 mm long. Gynophore 8-15 mm long; ovary ellipsoid, 3-4 mm long; ovules c. 12; stigma capitate. Fruit cylindric, torulose or moniliform, c. 4 cm long, 5-7 mm diam., ending in a sharp apex, minutely puberulous. Seeds 2-4, 0.3-0.5 mm diam., subglobose.
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Woody herb with many ascending shoots from spreading underground runners or a bushy shrub up to 5 m. tall.. Twigs grey, pilose, later glabrescent.. Leaves disposed in fascicles along the twigs, subsessile, simple; blade obovate-oblong or oblong-elliptic, rarely exceeding 8–26 mm. long, 3–8 mm, wide, apically rounded to acute, pilose on both surfaces or subglabrous, with the midrib prominent beneath.. Flowers usually solitary in the axils of the clustered leaves; pedicels 10–17 mm. long, purplish-pilose.. Sepals 8–11 mm. long, acute, green, pilose outside; receptacle about 2–3 mm. long, brown, pilose; disk without a prominent free rim.. Petals usuallypresent, 2–4 mm. long.. Stamens 19–24; filaments 15–18 mm. long, greenish-white.. Ovary narrowly cylindrical, minutely puberulous or appearing glabrous.. Fruits cylindrical, 2–4.5 cm. long, markedly torulose, glabrous or pubescent.
Leaves alternate or fasciculate on abbreviated side shoots, simple; lamina 0.2–1.5 x 0.15–0.65 cm., narrowly oblong-obovate to elliptic, apex rounded or emarginate, mucronulate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, both sides hairy with a dense crisped pubescence, or with longer patent hairs particularly on the midrib, or almost glabrous with a dense or sparse scattering of minute papillae on both sides most readily visible in the more glabrescent forms, nerves in 4–5 pairs, not prominent; petiole c. 1 mm. long, invariably pubescent or with longer patent hairs.
A small shrub. It grows 2 m tall. The branches are stiff and rigid. There can be hairs. The leaves are alternate on short side branches. The leaf is simple and up to 1,5 cm long by 0.5 cm wide. They are narrowly oval. The flowers occur singly or in pairs on short side shoots. The fruit are 4.5 cm long by 0.7 cm wide. They are hairy. They hang down and are constricted between the seeds.
Spreading, virgate shrub, up to 2 m high. Leaves simple, obovate, 4-30 x 1-15 mm, petioles 5-15 mm long. Petals (0-3)4. Fruit cylindric, torulose or moniliform, ending in a sharp apex. Flowers white.
Receptacle c. 3.5 mm. long, 1.5–2 mm. wide at the mouth, cylindric, pubescent outside, slightly thickened and with a few dentate processes at the margin within.
Flowers solitary or in pairs on the abbreviated lateral shoots; pedicels up to 1.6 cm. long, pubescent or glabrescent; bracts minute, setiform.
Small shrub up to c. 2 m. tall; branches stiff and rigid, closely pubescent, glabrescent or with patent, rather long hairs on the young parts.
Ovary on a gynophore c. 3 cm. long, narrowly oblong-cylindric; ovules c. 10 on 2 placentas; stigma sessile, subcapitate.
Fruit c. 4.5 x 0.7 cm., cylindric, torulose, narrowed abruptly to a pointed apex, minutely but densely puberulous.
Sepals c. 7 x 4 mm., oblong-elliptic, apex rounded and apiculate, more or less pubescent outside.
Petals white, 2.5 x 1.5 mm., elliptic, shortly clawed at the base, margin puberulous.
Seeds 2-several, c. 6 mm. in diam., subglobose; testa pale brown, roughened.
Stamens 15–25; filaments c. 1.5 cm. long; anthers 1.75 x 0.75 mm., oblong.
Androgynophore c. 4 mm. long, shortly exserted from the receptacle.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in drier types of woodland. It also grows on termite mounds. It grows from low altitude up to 1,200 m altitude. It grows in areas with a rainfall of between 100-350 mm per year. It grows in areas with a dry season of 8-11 months. It re-grows after fire. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity 10-12
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The root is used as a substitute for chicory.
Uses animal food food food additive material medicinal social use
Edible fruits roots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Maerua parvifolia leaf picture by Mayoge Bukapuka (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Maerua parvifolia world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, South Sudan, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Maerua parvifolia threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:147746-1
WFO ID wfo-0000375656
COL ID 3XFVW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Maerua parvifolia Maerua trichophylla Maerua hirticaulis Maerua skeneae Maerua harmsiana Maerua legatii