Malpighia coccigera L.

Dwarf holly (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Malpighiaceae > Malpighia

Characteristics

Shrublet, 0.5-2.5 m high. Twigs terete, when young sparsely set with pale, appressed hairs; internodes 1-1.5(-2) cm. Leaves either along the twig and then with a few, mucronate, marginal teeth, margin between the teeth revolute, or on dwarf shoots, and then entire, coriaceous, suborbicular to elliptic, 1-1.5(-2) by 0.75-1.25(-1.5) cm; base rounded to truncate; top rounded to slightly notched; petiole and margin sometimes sparsely haired; surfaces glabrous, shiny and with prominent venation above; petiole 1-2 mm. Stipules small, linear, near the base of the petioles. Flowers on the dwarf shoots, axillary, single or paired, white to pale pink or light red, glabrous, faintly scented. Pedicels c. 1½ cm, articulation in the lower half, marked by 2 small bracteoles. Calyx with 6-10, flat, elliptic glands c. 1.5 mm in diam., sepals 2-3 mm long, blunt. Petals slightly differing in size, claw 2-4 mm, limb 5-7 by 3-7 mm. Filaments sometimes slightly unequal in length, c. 3 mm, 2 opposite filaments thicker and bearing anthers about twice the size of the others. Two styles ascending in a bow, 5 mm, the third one abortive, 2 mm; stigma c. 1 mm wide. Fruit (not seen) red, 8-10 mm long, only 1-2 mericarps developing.
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A small evergreen shrub. The bark is light coloured. It grows 75 cm high and 75 cm wide. The leaves are 25 mm long and dark glossy green. They have deep teeth and sharp prickles. The flowers are pink to mauve. The fruit is small and red-purple when ripe. They are 6-12 mm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.63 - 1.75
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows naturally in the West Indies. It needs moderate moisture. It needs an average, well-drained soil. It can grow in some shade. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
More
Not known
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

The fruit are eaten fresh. They are also used in tarts, jellies, and marmalades.
Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible flowers fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from cuttings or seed. It makes a good hedge plant.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Malpighia coccigera flower picture by Felix Manzueta (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Malpighia coccigera world distribution map, present in Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Brazil, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:557021-1
WFO ID wfo-0000449775
COL ID 3XQH6
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447295
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Malpighia heterantha Malpighia heteranthera Malpighia erinacea Malpighia coccifera Malpighia heranthera Malpighia heteranthera Malpighia coccigrya Malpighia coccigera var. ilicifolia Malpighia coccigera var. coccigrya Malpighia coccigera var. microphylla Malpighia coccigera