Malpighia L.

Malpighia (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Malpighiaceae

Characteristics

Erect, spreading shrubs or small trees 1-6(-10) m tall, soboliferous and prop-agating by underground stems or root suckers, or with one main trunk branching at some distance from the base, rarely prostrate or a woody vine; bark rough, longitudinally striated and fissured; young branches, petioles and leaves green, young branches sometimes reddish to violet, glabrous or strigillose with straight or slightly undulate, soft, transparent or golden-translucent, small, sessile, spe-cialized "malpighiaceous" hairs 0.5-1(-1.5) mm long, the arms equal, free, be-coming glabrous with age. Leaves opposite, glabrous, internodes mostly at least /2 the length of the blade, membranaceous to subcoriaceous, flat, entire, variously obovate to elliptic to lanceolate, retuse to cuspidate at apex, rounded to cuneate at base, (1-)2-7(-20) cm long, 0.7-6(-10) cm wide, dark shiny green above, pale green beneath, 2 scutelloid glands present below on either side of the midvein on the lower third of the blade; stipules interpetiolar, eglandular, mostly free linear-lanceolate to subulate, green or reddish, glabrous or strigillose, 0.5-3(-4) mm long; petioles slender or robust, eglandular, (1-)1.5-4(-5) mm long. Inflorescence axillary, erect, eglandular, glabrous or strigillose, green or reddish, 1-30(-50)-flowered, sessile or pedunculate, or umbel-like or raceme-like contracted panicle 1.5-6 cm long, a common peduncle present or not, to 2(-5) cm long, mostly entire; flowering peduncles always present (looking as part of pedicel) 2-6(-8) mm long, 1-bracteolate at the base, the bract ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or rarely obtuse, strigillose, 0.5-2.5(-3.5) mm long, bi-bracteolate at the apex, brac-teoles ovate to ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse at apex, strigillose, 0.5-1.5(-2) mm long, pedicels (5-)7-11(-15) mm long. FloWers (Fig. 9F) pink, zygomorphic, 1-1.5(-2) cm diam., buds subglobose, pink, 3-5(-6) mm diam., keeled or unkeeled; sepals 5, free, green, ovate to lanceolate-oblong, acute or obtuse at apex, glabrous or strigillose, (2-)2.5-3.5(-4) mm long, calyx 6-10-glandular, anterior sepal some-times eglandular, antico-lateral sepals 1-2-glandular, postico-lateral sepals 2-glan-dular, glands oblong, sometimes recurved at the apex, (0.5-)1.5-2.5(-4) mm long, sometimes the anterior 4 smaller than the others; petals 5, free, glabrous, clawed, the posterior petal longer, larger and more robust than the others, (6-)6.5-9.5(-12) mm long, the claw thick, robust, (2-)3-4(-5.5) mm long, limb suborbicular,
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lacerate-dentate all around, undulated or plaited, (2.5-)3-7(-9) mm diam., the lateral petals smaller than the posterior petal, 5-9 mm long, the claw obviously thinner, (1.5-)2-3 mm long, the limb suborbicular to ovate-deltoid, lacerate-den-tate all around or at least on the lower third, revolute or involute, not plicate or undulate, (2-)3-7(-8) mm diam., anterior petals usually smaller than the lateral petals, (4-)4.5-6.5(-8.5) mm long, the claw thin, (1-)1.5-3(-3.5) mm long, the limb ovate-deltoid to suborbicular, entire or sometimes lacerate-dentate at the base, revolute or involute, never plicate or undulate, (1.5-)2-5(-7) mm diam.; filaments 10, glabrous, 2-4 mm long, united at the base to form a short tube (0.5-)1(-1.5) mm long, all filiform and straight except sometimes those opposite the lateral petals, those opposite the sepals 0.5-1.0 mm longer than those opposite the anterior and posterior petals, anthers suborbicular to ovate, 0.5-1.5 mm long, pollination gap (distance between anthers and stigmas) 0-1 mm, the connective yellow, verrucose, suborbicular to ovate; styles 3, (straight, equal in thickness and length, diverging at acute angles from each other or the lateral styles thicker and longer than the anterior, straight or curved inwards) glabrous, free, (1.5-)2-4.5 mm long, obtuse, truncate or uncinate at apex, never subulate, the stigmatic surface on the inner angle of the apex, the ovary superior, glabrous, 3-locular, syncarpous subglobose, lobed or unlobed, 1.5-2 mm diam., ovules 1 per locule, pendulous, receptacle flat or nearly so; fruit 3-seeded, red, glabrous, the fleshy drupe up to 3 cm diam., pyramidato-globose or subglobose and flattened at poles, pyrenes ovoid, united, (oblong and separating at maturity in M. albiflora) to 1.8 cm long, winged dorsally and laterally, intermediate wings present or the surface pitted, tuberculate or rarely smooth; seeds with embryo curved, cotyledons fold-ed at apex, endosperm none.
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves usually bearing (0–)2–4[–10] glands impressed in abaxial surface of blade; stipules interpetiolar, mostly distinct. Inflorescences axillary, dense corymbs or umbels. Pedicels raised on peduncles. Flowers all chasmogamous, 6+ mm diam., showy with visible petals, stamens, and styles; calyx glands 6(–10) (3 sepals each bearing 2 large glands, others very rarely bearing 1–4 smaller glands); corollas bilaterally symmetric, petals pink, lavender, or white, glabrous [glabrate]; stamens 10, all fertile; anthers subequal or 2 opposite posterior-lateral petals larger; pistil 3-carpellate, carpels completely [rarely proximally] connate in ovary; styles 3, cylindric, stout; stigmas on internal angle or subterminal, large. Fruits drupes [berries or very rarely breaking into separate pyrenes], red [sometimes orange]; pyrenes 3, connate in center or distinct at maturity but then usually retained in common exocarp, walls hard, bearing rudimentary dorsal and lateral wings and sometimes rudimentary intermediate winglets or dissected outgrowths. x = 10.
Small trees or dwarf shrubs. Leaves shortly petioled, with small, narrow stipules, glandless, sometimes thorny-dentate. Flowers solitary or in inflorescences, bisexual, zygomorphic. Calycinal glands distinct, up to 2 at the base of each sepal, 6 being always present in the posterior part, 1-4 incidentally present in the anterior part of the calyx. Petals inequal, fimbriate (the larger ones) to entire (the smaller ones), distinctly clawed, glabrous. Stamens glabrous, shorter than the petals, 2 opposite ones in the transversal plane different from the other 8. Ovary glabrous; styles free, diverging, as a rule 2 well developed, the posterior one abortive. Fruit fleshy, separating into drupe-like nuts.
Life form perennial
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 6.0
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Environment

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Hardiness (USDA) 7-12

Usage

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Edible -
Therapeutic use -
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Cultivation

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Images

Malpighia unspecified picture

Distribution

Malpighia world distribution map, present in Canada, Sri Lanka, Panama, Peru, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30006755-2
WFO ID wfo-4000022977
COL ID 5KPJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Malpighia

Lower taxons

Malpighia romeroana Malpighia emarginata Malpighia verruculosa Malpighia leticiana Malpighia fucata Malpighia infestissima Malpighia linearis Malpighia setosa Malpighia albiflora Malpighia lundellii Malpighia galeottiana Malpighia mexicana Malpighia woodburyana Malpighia oxycocca Malpighia urens Malpighia stevensii Malpighia ovata Malpighia cubensis Malpighia wrightiana Malpighia wendtii Malpighia davilae Malpighia nummulariifolia Malpighia watsonii Malpighia cauliflora Malpighia megacantha Malpighia macracantha Malpighia cnide Malpighia velutina Malpighia aquifolia Malpighia polytricha Malpighia pusillifolia Malpighia proctorii Malpighia spathulifolia Malpighia macrocarpa Malpighia nayaritensis Malpighia latifolia Malpighia hintonii Malpighia rzedowskii Malpighia pallidior Malpighia melbensis Malpighia tunensis Malpighia phillyreifolia Malpighia mutabilis Malpighia avilensis Malpighia pasorealensis Malpighia martiana Malpighia epedunculata Malpighia squarrosa Malpighia cajalbanensis Malpighia habanensis Malpighia apiculata Malpighia variifolia Malpighia souzae Malpighia diversifolia Malpighia obtusifolia Malpighia martinicensis Malpighia harrisii Malpighia emiliae Malpighia wilburiorum Malpighia granitica Malpighia novogaliciana Malpighia hondurensis Malpighia yucatanaea Malpighia maxima Malpighia higueyensis Malpighia multiflora Malpighia ovalis Malpighia racemosa Malpighia racemiflora Malpighia caribaea Malpighia cornistipulata Malpighia articulata Malpighia longifolia Malpighia revoluta Malpighia torulosa Malpighia humilis Malpighia imiensis Malpighia flavescens Malpighia capitis-crucis Malpighia vertientensis Malpighia neglecta Malpighia ophiticola Malpighia reyensis Malpighia dura Malpighia adamsii Malpighia micropetala Malpighia acunana Malpighia tomentosa Malpighia incana Malpighia sessilifolia Malpighia coccigera Malpighia glabra