Manilkara discolor (Sond.) J.H.Hemsl.

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Sapotaceae > Manilkara

Characteristics

Tree, 10-20 m high; stem up to 60 cm diam. with grey, longitudinally fissured bark; young vegetative parts shortly puberulous-tomentose, the pubescence cinnamon-coloured; older parts, except the lower surface of the leaf, very soon glabrous. Leaves crowded at the tips of the branches, rather uniform in shape, obovate-oblong, sometimes oblong, or more or less spathulate-or lanceolate-oblong, narrowed at the base, with a rounded, obtuse, subacute or very shortly acuminate and usually recurved, almost invariably emarginate apex, green above, densely appressed-silvery-pubescent beneath, except on the midrib, with slightly recurved margins, 3.5-10 cm long, 1.5-4.5 cm wide; midrib very prominent beneath, at first finely rusty-pubescent, ultimately glabrous and of a different colour than the silvery lower surface of the leaf; secondary nerves 10-15 or more on either side, straight, tertiary nerves parallel to the secondary ones, usually inconspicuous below, but appearing as a fine striation above; fine ultimate nervation reticulate, usually indistinct below except in the oldest leaves, but distinct and impressed above and giving the upper surface of the leaf a minutely tessellate, dull appearance; petioles terete, narrowly canaliculate above, glabrous, 6-15 mm long. Flowers in few-flowered fascicles (often about 3 together); pedicels 5-10 mm long, rusty-pubescent. Sepals almost completely free; the three outer ones rather coriaceous, broadly ovate, narrowed towards the tips, but not acute, about 5 mm long and 4 mm wide, rusty-pubescent outside, subciliate, glabrous inside except near the apex, the inner ones narrower, 5-5.5 mm long and about 3 mm wide, yellowish, whitish appressed-pubescent outside and near the apex inside. Corolla white or yellowish; tube 1.5-2 mm long, cylindric; lobes long-spathulate with a long-tapering, narrow base and rounded apex, the appendage broader, lanceolate-oblong or linear, acuminate, all segments 3-3.5 mm long. Filaments 2-2.5 mm long, filiform, slender; anthers 1.5-2 mm long, ovate-cordate, apiculate. Ovary depressed-conical, 1 mm high and 1 mm in diameter, dense-sericeous-pilose; style glabrous, cylindric, 3-3.5 mm long, into the subcapitate, more or less 6-lobed stigma. Imperfect flowers on shorter pedicels, often considerably smaller (e.g. calyx-and corolla-lobes only 2 mm long); corolla-lobes with reduced lateral appendages, trifid, tridentate or entire; anthers usually very small or wanting; ovary and style as above or sometimes smaller. Fruit spherical, edible and red when ripe, but when dried ellipsoid, 8-12 mm long and 5-10 mm in diam., crowned by the persistent style. Seed elliptic in outline, compressed, about 8 mm long, 5 mm wide, and 3.5 mm thick in the middle; scar basilateral, oval or elliptic, 3-4 mm long, and 1-2 mm wide in the widest place; testa pale fawn-coloured when dry, thin and brittle.
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Small to medium tree, height up to 30 m., with rough dark grey or blackish bark.. Terminal buds, young shoots and petioles glabrescent.. Petioles 0.5–1.7 cm. long.. Leaf-lamina oblong-elliptic to oblong-obovate, up to 9.5(–11) cm. long, 4.5(–5.3) cm. wide, apex rounded and slightly emarginate or rarely shortly acuminate, broadly to narrowly cuneate, coriaceous; upper surface deep green with reticulum of very fine veins, lower surface silvery-grey with dense indumentum of minute closely appressed regularly arranged hairs sometimes brownish on midrib and main nerves or midrib glabrescent.. Flowers axillary, usually in clusters of 4–6 in axils of current leaves.. Pedicels 3–10 mm. long, with brown pubescence.. Calyx-lobes connate near base; outer lobes ovate or ovate-oblong, 4.5–6 mm. long, 3–3.7 mm. wide, with brown pubescence externally; inner lobes slightly smaller and with less pubescence.. Corolla yellow; tube ±1.5 mm. long; lobes trifid, or entire in ♀ flowers; two outer segments ± lanceolate, up to 4 mm. long; median segment ± elliptic, up to 5 mm. long, tapering to narrow basal attachment.. Fertile stamens 6–12; filaments up to 3.5 mm. long; anthers up to 2.5 mm. long.. Staminodes truncate or subulate, ± 1 mm. long, or sometimes filament-like and then up to 3.5 mm. long, irregularly denticulate or with few long teeth.. Ovary depressed globose, pilose; style up to 4 mm. long; stigma simple or sometimes 6-papillate.. Fruit ovoid or ± ellipsoid, up to 1.3 cm. long, 0.8 cm. in diameter, puberulous when young but becoming glabrescent.. Seeds solitary or rarely two present, obliquely ovoid and slightly flattened, up to 10 mm. long, 6 mm. in diameter; hilum lateral, oblique and extending to base.. Fig. 13, p. 71.
A tree. It grows 6-18 m tall. It has a straight clean trunk 60 cm across. The bark is rough and light coloured. The young growth often has red hairs. The leaves are simple and alternate. They are crowded near the tips of branches. The leaves are green above and have silvery hairs underneath. Leaves are large and oblong. The base is narrowed. The leaves are 2.5-10 cm long by 1.3-4 cm wide. The midrib is raised below. The leaf stalks are sturdy and red. The flowers are in groups in the axils of the leaves. The flowers are yellow. The fruit are 1.3 cm across. The fruit are round and yellow turning apricot. They have a juicy pulp. The seed is oval, pale and flattened. The fruit is edible.
Leaves tending to be clustered at branch ends. Lamina 3·5–7(13) x 1·5–5 cm., elliptic–obovate to obovate, apex emarginate, acute or apiculate, base acute; petiole 6–18 mm. long. Upper leaf surface glabrous, dark green, midrib impressed, very fine reticulation visible but veins not raised or impressed. Lower surface silvery–sericeous with a dense appressed indumentum, midrib prominent, main lateral nerves faintly visible, numerous, reticulation obscured by indumentum.
Other flower forms: corolla simpler, petals entire (lateral segments absent) or trifid, or lateral segments present but united to near the apex; stamens all, or only the inner whorl, replaced by staminodes, these filament–like or represented by dentate flaps of tissue. (Flowers with a reduced androecium, i.e. less than 12 stamens, have a reduced corolla.)
Corolla equalling calyx, tube c. 1 mm. long; each petal 3–lobed, the median segment obovate, tapering to a slender basal attachment, the lateral segments elliptic.
Flowers yellow, in axillary fascicles on pedicels 3–6 mm. long. Form of flowers variable (see J. H. Hemsley, tom. cit.: 500–510, 1966); normal form as follows.
Tree 3–40 m. high; bole of larger specimens shallowly fluted near the base; slash pink; bark brown or blackish grey, longitudinally fissured.
Fruit up to 1–3 x 0–8 cm., ovoid or ellipsoid, initially puberulous, glabrescent and yellow when ripe, edible, 1 (2)–seeded.
Young stems glabrous to densely greyish–pubescent but soon glabrescent.
Stamens 12 in 2 whorls; anthers c. 1·5 mm. long.
Calyx c. 4 mm. long, sepals ovate.
Twigs with granular grey bark.
Gynoecium c. 3 mm. long.
Seeds up to 1 cm. long.
Staminodes absent.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.0 - 20.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows over a wide range of altitudes from sea level to 2000 m in evergreen forest. It grows in lowland forests in well-drained dry sands. It can grow in arid places.
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Lowland and upland dry evergreen forest and well-drained sites in upland rainforest, at elevations from sea level to 2,100 metres.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten raw. The seeds are discarded.
Uses environmental use food gene source material medicinal wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Manilkara discolor habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Manilkara discolor leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Manilkara discolor leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Manilkara discolor world distribution map, present in Kenya, Mozambique, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Manilkara discolor threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:787623-1
WFO ID wfo-0000235857
COL ID 3XVBP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Manilkara altissima Manilkara natalensis Mimusops buchananii Mimusops eickii Labourdonnaisia discolor Mahea natalensis Mimusops altissima Mimusops discolor Mimusops natalensis Eichleria discolor Manilkara eickii Muriea discolor Mimusops discolor Labourdonnaisia sericea Manilkara discolor