Manilkara Adans.

Manilkara (en)

Genus

Angiosperms > Ericales > Sapotaceae

Characteristics

Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves terminal; stipules absent or sometimes present and then soon falling away. Leaf-lamina frequently obovate or elliptic, coriaceous; lower surface with very closely appressed indumentum, giving a silvery light-reflecting effect or subglabrous; midrib prominently raised beneath, primary and secondary lateral nerves closely parallel, venation reticulate. Flowers usually many, clustered in axils of current or recently fallen leaves, long-pedicellate. Sepals 6, arranged in two dissimilar whorls of 3, free or slightly fused. Corolla of 6 members, fused at base into a short tube, lobes usually divided again into 3 segments. Stamens 6, epipetalous; anther-dehiscence extrorse. Staminodes 6, alternating with stamens, ± ovate and petaloid to ± ligulate, glabrous, dentate, laciniate or sometimes bifurcate. Ovary with 6–16 locules; ovules solitary, axile, anatropous to campylotropous. Fruit baccate, fleshy or dryish and coriaceous, 1-several-seeded. Seeds ellipsoid to obovoid, laterally compressed; scar basiventral (at least in East Africa), narrowly elliptic to subcircular (not in East Africa); albumen present; cotyledons flattened and foliaceous.
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Shrubs or trees. Stems not armed, tomentose or glabrous. Leaves persistent, alternate; stipules present or absent; petiole present; blade: base rounded to cuneate, apex retuse to acuminate, surfaces hairy or glabrous. Inflorescences fascicles or solitary flowers. Flowers: sepals 6 in 2 whorls of 3, outer valvate, darker, abaxially densely hairy; petals 6[-9], white or yellow, glabrous or sparsely hairy, lobes undivided, shorter than or exceeding corolla tube; stamens 6[-12], distinct [basally connate with staminodes]; staminodes [absent or 1-]6[-12], alternate with stamens, erect or incurved, petaloid, triangular-lanceolate, glabrous or hairy; pistil 5-12 [-14]-carpellate; ovary 5-12[-14]-locular, glabrous or hairy; placentation axile or basiventral. Berries brown [yellow-green, orange, red, black, or purple], ellipsoid or depressed-globose to subglobose, glabrous. Seeds [1-]2-10, brown, laterally compressed; hilum linear; embryo vertical; endosperm present. x = [12,] 13.
Trees, unarmed. Leaves alternate; blades coriaceous, the primary laterals numerous, fine, rather closely spaced, often subobscure, straight (not arcuate ncar the margin). Flowers fasciculate in the axils of leaves or leaf-sc ars or solitary; sepals usually 6, infrequently 4 or 8, in 2{ whorls of (42)3(4); corolla-lobes as many as the sepals, each with a pair of dorsal ? petaloid appendages arising from the base, occasionally these fused to the lobes or lacking; staminodes usually petaloid, rarely minute or replaced by functional-stamens; stamens as many as corolla-lobes or rarely twice as many (morphologically 2 whorls), typically at-tached to the corolla at the juncture of the tube and lobes; ovary often pubescent, 6 to 14-celled, the ovules affixed laterally. Fruit 1 to several-seeded, fleshy; seed compressed, the scar rather elongate, lateral or basilateral (but equalling or sur-passing the middle of the seed), more or less linear, the endosperm copious.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves leathery to almost leathery, densely lateral veined; stipules early deciduous. Flowers axillary, clustered. Sepals 6, in 2 whorls. Corolla lobes 6, outside each with 2 lobular appendages. Stamens 6; staminodes 6, alternating with corolla lobes, ovate, apex acuminate, irregularly serrate, fimbriate to lobate. Ovary 6--14-locular. Fruit a berry, 1--6-seeded. Seeds compressed, scar lateral and elongate.
Staminodes 6, alternating with stamens, glabrous, petaloid to ligulate, dentate or laciniate, erect, not forming a sheath round the gynoecium.
Corolla of 6 members joined at the base into a short tube, each member comprising a median and two lateral segments.
Sepals 6, in two dissimilar whorls of 3, the inner ones thinner in texture and paler than the outer.
Seeds ellipsoid to obovoid, with narrow linear or large and broad lateral scar; endosperm abundant.
Flowers often numerous, borne in axils of current and recently-fallen leaves, long-pedicellate.
Ovary with 6–16 locules, densely pilose, with long slender glabrous-style.
Leaves often with oppressed silvery indumentum on lower surface.
Trees and shrubs, with leaves often borne in terminal clusters.
Fruit a fleshy or leathery berry, 1-several-seeded.
Stamens 6, epipetalous; anthers extrorse.
Stipules absent or soon caducous.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
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Images

Manilkara unspecified picture

Distribution

Manilkara world distribution map, present in Angola, Andorra, Benin, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Rwanda, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Suriname, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Samoa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331753-2
WFO ID wfo-4000023042
COL ID 8VZ5D
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 445995
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Achras Manilkara

Lower taxons

Manilkara bolivarensis Manilkara butugi Manilkara capuronii Manilkara cavalcantei Manilkara celebica Manilkara chicle Manilkara decrescens Manilkara dissecta Manilkara doeringii Manilkara elata Manilkara excelsa Manilkara excisa Manilkara fischeri Manilkara fouilloyana Manilkara hexandra Manilkara hoshinoi Manilkara huberi Manilkara inundata Manilkara kanosiensis Manilkara le-testui Manilkara letouzei Manilkara littoralis Manilkara longifolia Manilkara longistyla Manilkara maxima Manilkara mayarensis Manilkara microphylla Manilkara multifida Manilkara obovata Manilkara pellegriniana Manilkara roxburghiana Manilkara rufula Manilkara sahafarensis Manilkara smithiana Manilkara spectabilis Manilkara staminodella Manilkara suarezensis Manilkara subsericea Manilkara sulcata Manilkara triflora Manilkara udoido Manilkara dardanoi Manilkara sansibarensis Manilkara dukensis Manilkara perrieri Manilkara adolfi-friederici Manilkara bequaertii Manilkara kauki Manilkara kribensis Manilkara kurziana Manilkara pleeana Manilkara valenzuelana Manilkara vitiensis Manilkara paraensis Manilkara fasciculata Manilkara frondosa Manilkara gonavensis Manilkara ilendensis Manilkara boivinii Manilkara casteelsii Manilkara dawei Manilkara pobeguinii Manilkara pubicarpa Manilkara salzmannii Manilkara samoensis Manilkara seretii Manilkara sideroxylon Manilkara sylvestris Manilkara jaimiqui Manilkara koechlinii Manilkara mabokeensis Manilkara zenkeri Manilkara lososiana Manilkara sapota Manilkara concolor Manilkara nicholsonii Manilkara mochisia Manilkara discolor Manilkara zapota Manilkara bidentata