Manilkara obovata (Sabine & G.Don) J.H.Hemsl.

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Sapotaceae > Manilkara

Characteristics

Medium-sized to tall tree with long clean and slightly fluted bole and buttressed base, height up to 35 m.; bark pale grey to dark brownish-grey, fissured and rough.. Young branchlets (from crown) deep purplish-brown with pale lenticels, glabrous. Scars of fallen leaves prominent, sometimes raised and peg-like.. Leaves clustered towards apices of branchlets.. Petioles 5–18 mm. long, glabrescent.. Leaf-lamina thinly to thickly coriaceous, obovate (rarely obovate-oblong), 3–10(–17) cm. long, l.6–5.5(–7.2) cm. wide, apex rounded or emarginate, rarely subacute, cuneate; upper surface fresh green, glabrous, lower surface paler, drying to a brownish-grey, appearing glabrescent; primary lateral nerves raised, arcuate, very fine and hairlike.. Flowers fascicled in axils of older or fallen leaves.. Pedicels 4–10 mm. long, with appressed brownish hairs.. Calyx-lobes slightly connate at base; outer lobes ± ovate to ovate-oblong, up to 6 mm. long and 3.5 mm. wide, with brownish pubescence externally; inner lobes slightly narrower and with little pubescence externally.. Corolla white; tube ±1.5 mm. long; lobes trifid; outer segments linear-lanceolate, up to 5 mm. long; median segment narrowly elliptic, up to 4.5 mm. long.. Stamen-filaments up to 3.5 mm. long, flattened; anthers up to 2.5 mm. long; staminodes oblong to ± linear, irregularly laciniate.. Ovary subglobose, densely pilose, 9–11-locular; style up to 6 mm. long; stigma minutely papillate.. Fruits incompletely known, yellow when ripe, said to be edible, obovoid to subglobose, up to 2.5 cm. long.. Mature seed not known.. The species as here accepted is widespread and includes a number of smaller geographical segregates. Characters such as degree of laciniation and number of segments of staminodes, and minor differences in leaf-size, which previously have been used to distinguish species, have proved impossible to work within the range of material now available. The tree yields a useful timber, known as Nkunya in Uganda, which is very hard and durable in the ground (see Uganda For. Dept. Timber Leaflet No. 3). A single sterile gathering from the E. Usambara Mts. may possibly extend the species range into E. Tanganyika (see under imperfectly known species No. 1, page 73).
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Leaves coriaceous, exstipulate or with subulate stipules soon falling, not clustered at ends of branches. Leaf lamina 7–14 x 2·–5–7 cm., obovate to oblong, the apex obtuse to cuspidate–acuminate, the base cuspidate; petiole 1–4 cm. long. Upper leaf surface glabrous; midrib slightly impressed, vein reticulation very fine. Lower surface with dense appressed indumentum of minute hairs giving a silvery sheen; midrib prominent, lateral nerves inconspicuous.
A tree. It grows 30 m high. The trunk is long, straight and clean and 1 m across. It is fluted at the base. The crown is small. The bark is grey. The leaves are simple and alternate. They are clustered at the ends of branches. The leaves are 3-10 cm long by 2-6 cm wide. They are broadly oval and wedge shaped. They are hairy underneath when young. The flowers are in groups in the axils where older leaves have fallen. They are white.
Corolla c. 6 mm. long, with tube c. 1·5 mm. long, white to creamy yellow; median segments c. 4 mm. long, narrowly elliptic, lateral segments a little shorter, narrowly triangular.
A tree up to 80 ft. high, stem up to 4 ft. diam., frequently only as a shrub
Staminodes c. 3 mm. long, oblong in outline, the apex irregularly laciniate.
Flowers clustered in leaf axils, with pedicels c. 1 cm. long.
Fruit up to 2–5 cm. long, obovoid to subglobose.
Calyx c. 5 mm. long, sepals ± elliptic.
Old trees often resembling poplars
Gynoecium up to 8 mm. long.
Tree up to 14 m. or more.
Anthers c. 1·5 mm. long.
Seed c. 1 cm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 19.19
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows near lagoons and rivers. It can grow in lowland forest. In Tanzania it grows between 1,100-1,300 m above sea level and to 1,400 m in Nigeria. It can be cultivated in swampy areas.
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Rainforest, riverine forest, swamp, at elevations from 1,100-1,300 metres.
Along lagoons and streams in small groups.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The ripe fruit can be eaten fresh. Often fruit are collected and left in the shade for about 2 days to ripen. Fruit can be dried and stored and eaten later.
Uses food fuel gene source material medicinal social use timber wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Manilkara obovata world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Central African Republic, Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, and Zambia

Conservation status

Manilkara obovata threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:787681-1
WFO ID wfo-0000235942
COL ID 3XVDJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Kaukenia cuneifolia Manilkara dahomeyensis Manilkara maclaudii Manilkara obovata Manilkara schweinfurthii Mimusops atacorensis Mimusops chevalieri Mimusops cuneifolia Mimusops multinervis Kaukenia lacera Kaukenia multinervis Manilkara argentea Manilkara cuneifolia Manilkara lacera Manilkara propinqua Manilkara remotifolia Manilkara welwitschii Mimusops djalonensis Mimusops lacera Mimusops propinqua Mimusops welwitschii Manilkara multinervis Chrysophyllum holtzii Chrysophyllum obovatum Manilkara densiflora Manilkara multinervis subsp. argentea Manilkara multinervis subsp. atacorensis Manilkara multinervis subsp. matanou Manilkara multinervis subsp. schweinfurthii Manilkara schweinfurthii var. chevalieri Manilkara maclaudii var. membranacea Manilkara multinervis var. poissonii Manilkara angolensis Mimusops angolensis Mimusops densiflora Mimusops schweinfurthii Mimusops schweinfurthii Manilkara multinervis subsp. lacera