Maprounea africana Müll.Arg.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Maprounea

Characteristics

A small deciduous tree. It has spreading branches. It can grow 7 m tall but is often 4-5 m tall. The bark is thick, dark and rough. It is deeply cracked. The leaves are alternate and simple. They are oval and 3-5 cm long by 2.2-3 cm wide. The young leaves are bright red. They become light green when mature then red when old. The leaf stalks can be 15 cm long. The flowers are yellow in contracted spikes almost like balls. These are 5 mm across. The sexes are separate but in the same spike. The male flowers are very small and the female ones on stalks. The fruit is a 3 lobed capsule. It is about 10 mm across. It is red when mature but dries to brown.
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Leaf blades 2–8 × 1–4 cm, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or rounded at the apex, somewhat asymmetrically cuneate to truncate or shallowly cordate at the base, chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, bronze when young later bright green on upper surface with a yellow midrib and nerves, and glaucous beneath; lateral nerves in 6–10 pairs, usually with a few glands on them beneath, quaternary nerve network becoming verruculose beneath with age.
Inflorescences up to 2 cm long; male head 3–8 mm in diameter, subglobose or ovoid, yellowish or reddish; male bracts 1 mm long, triangular, with 1–3 obconical glands on each side near the base; female flowers 0–3 per inflorescence, green; female bracts resembling the stipules.
Female flowers: pedicels extending to 3 cm long in fruit; calyx lobes c. 1 mm long, broadly triangular-ovate, acute; ovary 1 × 1 mm, subtriquetrous-ovoid or lenticular-ovoid, smooth; styles 1–1.5 mm long, subpersistent.
Male flowers: pedicels to 1 mm long; calyx lobes c. 1 mm long, lanceolate, unequal, acute; staminal column 2 mm high, anthers 0.3 mm long, yellow.
Seeds 7–9 × 6–7 mm, ± smooth or shallowly malleate, greenish-black; caruncle 6–7 mm long, orange or scarlet.
A sparingly-branched shrub or small tree up to 8 m tall, with pendent branches, deciduous, monoecious.
Fruits 8–10 × 8–12 mm, smooth, dull green, reddish-tinged, red or crimson.
Bark corky, deeply-fissured, grey or light brown.
A savannah tree, up to 20 ft. high, rarely more.
Stipules 1 mm long, ovate, reddish-brown.
Petioles 5–30 mm long, wine-red.
Twigs reddish-brown.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.1
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Environment

Relatively common in savannah and open, deciduous forest, usually on well-drained or dry sandy soils; also found on lakeshore and coastal dunes; escarpments, rocky hillsides; and floodplain grassland, from sea-level to 1,600 metres.
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A tropical plant. It grows in open woodland. It is often on sandy soils and sometimes on dunes. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 1,600 m above sea level.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food food fuel material medicinal poison wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
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Distribution

Maprounea africana world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Central African Republic, Congo, Cabo Verde, Gabon, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, United Republic of, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:352049-1
WFO ID wfo-0000236256
COL ID 3XY2Z
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Maprounea africana Maprounea africana var. benguelensis Maprounea africana var. cinnamomea Maprounea africana var. leucosperma Maprounea africana var. obtusa Maprounea africana var. orientalis

Lower taxons

Maprounea africana var. africana Maprounea africana var. gracilis