Melothria pendula L.

Guadeloupe cucumber (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Cucurbitales > Cucurbitaceae > Melothria

Characteristics

Annual creeper or climber, to 4 m long, sparsely hairy, glabrescent. Leaves: petiole 1.5-2.5 cm long, hairy, hairs 0.5 mm long; blade subcircular or ovate in outline, 3-6 by 3-6.5 cm, both surfaces (sparsely) scabrous-hairy, cystoliths minute, margin remotely dentate or shallowly undulate. Male inflorescences: hairy as the petiole; peduncle 1-2 cm long, 0.2 mm thick; raceme short, 0.1(-0.5) cm long, with 2-6(-10) crowded flowers. Male flowers: pedicel 3-5(-7) mm long; perianth 5(-8) mm diam.; receptacle-tube c. 2.5 by c. 2 mm, outside sparsely hairy, inside minutely glandular, especially in the throat; sepals c. 0.5 mm long; petals patent, 2.5-3 by (2.5-)3 mm, obtuse or retuse, finely glandular; filaments c. 0.5 mm long, slender, anthers ellipsoid, c. 1.5 mm long, connivent but free; disc c. 1 mm diameter. Female flowers 1 (or 2); pedicel 10-20 mm long; ovary c. 5 mm long, with a c. 1 mm long neck, glabrous; perianth as in male flower but larger; corolla c. 8 mm diam.; style c. 2 mm long; stigma-lobes 3, erect, each 2-lobed at apex, ± connivent, c. 2 mm long, carnose, papillose, partly exserted; staminodes c. 0.5 mm long, inserted about halfway the receptacle-tube; disc a carnose annulus, c. 1 mm high. Fruit solitary, ripening purple-black, (narrowly) ellipsoid, 0.8-1.5 by 0.7-1 cm; pericarp when ripe thin, when dry leaving the seeds shining through; fruiting pedicel 2-4 cm long. Seeds numerous, 3.5-4 by 2-2.5 mm, silvery whitish hairy.
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Vines; stems scabrous to glabrate. Leaves with blades cordate to sagittate, rarely shallowly 3-to 5-lobate (in other parts of the range sometimes deeply 3-to 5-lobate), 3-7(-10) cm long, to as wide as long, the apex acuminate to caudate, the base cordate, the margin undulate, minutely and remotely toothed, charta-ceous, the upper and the lower surfaces scabrous with white pustular based tri-chomes; petioles 1-4 cm long, scabrous to glabrate; tendrils simple, glabrate. Staminate flowers in axillary, long pedunculate racemes, the rachis 2-3 cm long, filiform, glabrate, 2-to 6-flowered; pedicels 2-3 mm long; calyx campanulate, the lobes subulate, ca. 0.5 mm long, sparsely pilose; corolla yellow, the lobes ovate oblong, acute, spreading, papillose puberulent on the inner surface, puberulent on the outer surface; anthers narrowly oblong, ciliate on the margin; pistillode globose. Pistillate flowers solitary; peduncles 1-3 cm long, glabrate; calyx and corolla as in the staminate flowers; ovary ellipsoidal, glabrous, smooth. Fruits
Stems slender, setulose to glabrous. Petiole slender, retrorsely hispid, 0.9-5 cm; leaf blade adaxially dark green, abaxially paler, ovate to pentagonal, membranous to herbaceous, abaxially shortly hispid or scabrid, adaxially hispid or scabrid-punctate, cordate, unlobed or shallowly to deeply 3-5-lobed, apex obtuse to acuminate, apiculate. Male flowers 3-12 in axillary fascicles, often with an accompanying solitary flower; peduncle slender, 0.5-3.5 cm; pedicels slender, 1.5-9 mm; calyx campanulate, 1.5-3.5 mm, shortly pubescent to glabrous; corolla yellow; segments spreading, obovate-oblong, 1.5-2.5 mm, emarginate, apiculate; stamens 3, two 2-celled, one 1-celled; filaments short, ca. 0.5 mm; anthers ellipsoid. Female flowers solitary, often coaxillary with male flowers; pedicel slender, 0.7-3.5 cm; calyx and corolla as in male flowers. Fruit black when ripe, subglobose to ellipsoid, 0.8-1.9 × 0.8-1.2 cm. Seeds pallid, ovate, compressed, minutely fimbrillate, 4-5 × 2-2.8 mm, 0.6-0.9 mm thick. Fl. and fr. Jan-Dec.
Slender, glabrous vine 1–2 m; lvs orbicular in outline, cordate at base, shallowly or deeply 5-lobed, 3–7 cm; fls few, the pistillate solitary, slender-peduncled, 8 mm wide, the staminate smaller, 2–6 in a short raceme terminating a slender peduncle; fr ovoid, green, 1 cm. Woods; s. Va., s. Ind., and s. Mo. to Fla. and n. Mex. June–Aug.
Leaf blades 5–10 cm, base cordate, surfaces scabrous to hispid. Inflorescences: pistillate flowers on slender peduncles, rarely 2 from single axil. Flowers: hypanthium 1–2 mm; petals: apex emarginate to truncate. Pepos pendulous on peduncles 15–45 mm. Seeds 2–4 mm.
A pumpkin family herb. It is a vine. The leaves are almost heart shaped and have 5 angles or lobes. They are 3-7 cm long by 3-7 cm wide. There are teeth along the edge. The fruit are smooth and black. They are 1 cm long. They have small white seeds.
black, ovoid to elliptical, 0.7-1.5(-2.0) cm long, 0.7-1.0 cm in diameter, smooth, glabrous, baccate; seeds white sericeous, ovoid, 4-5 mnm long, 2-3 mm wide.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-11

Usage

The fruit are pickled when green. They are eaten when ripe.
Uses medicinal
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Snake Bite Remedy (leaf), Colic(Veterinary) (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Melothria pendula leaf picture by Ortuño González Erik (cc-by-sa)
Melothria pendula leaf picture by Planta Libre (cc-by-sa)
Melothria pendula leaf picture by Annie Elle (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Melothria pendula flower picture by April Ray (cc-by-sa)
Melothria pendula flower picture by Jawn Kensington (cc-by-sa)
Melothria pendula flower picture by April Ray (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Melothria pendula fruit picture by Planta Libre (cc-by-sa)
Melothria pendula fruit picture by Nicole Steere (cc-by-sa)
Melothria pendula fruit picture by Becca McCoy (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Melothria pendula world distribution map, present in Argentina, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Macao, Mexico, Montserrat, Martinique, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, El Salvador, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:293293-1
WFO ID wfo-0000377157
COL ID 3ZN8J
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630139
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Melothria fluminensis Melothria guadalupensis Melothria repanda Melothria pervaga Melothria nigra Bryonia convolvulifolia Bryonia melothria Cucumis glaber Bryonia filiformis Bryonia guadalupensis Apodanthera gracilis Diclidostigma melothrioides Melothria crassifolia Melothria chlorocarpa Melothria nashii Melothria pendula var. pendula Melothria fluminensis var. microphylla Melothria fluminensis var. ovata Melothria pendula var. chlorocarpa Melothria fluminensis var. hydrocotylifolia Melothria fluminensis var. triangularis Melothria pendula var. aspera Melothria pendula var. crassifolia Melothria pendula var. microcarpa Melothria pendula