Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.

Common iceplant (en), Mésembryanthème à cristaux (fr), Ficoïde à cristaux (fr), Ficoïde glaciale (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Aizoaceae > Mesembryanthemoideae > Mesembryanthemum > Mesembryanthemum subg. Cryophytum > Mesembryanthemum sect. Papulosa

Characteristics

Dense prostrate shrub to 1 m wide, densely papillose with rounded and horned papillae 1–2 mm diam.; basal rosette often present. Branches terete. Leaves ovate or spathulate, acute or obtuse, 7–145 mm long, 2–85 mm wide, tinged with red; margins undulate; papillae smaller on adaxial surface than elsewhere; petiole broad, partly ensheathing stem. Flowers shortly pedicellate. Sepals semicircular, tinged with red. Petal-like staminodes white with red to pale pink apices. Fruit broadly oblong, 6–11 mm long, 5–8 mm wide, the sepals sharply reflexed exposing valves at maturity.
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Plants annual to biennial. Stems trailing, dichotomously branched, to 1 m. Leaves sessile or petiolate; petiole, ± clasping; blade ovate to spatulate, flat, 2-20 cm, margins undulate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymes; proximal bracts opposite, leaflike; distal bracts alternate, reduced; flowering profusely. Flowers 7-10 mm diam.; hypanthium aging red, round; calyx lobes 5, unequal; petals 20-40, connate into tube, white, aging pink; stamens 30. Capsules coarsely papillate. Seeds 200, rough with minute tubercles. 2n = 18.
A succulent herb or shrub. It lies along the ground. It grows 10-20 cm high. It can spread to 1 m wide. The stems are stout. The leaves are oval or heart shaped and can taper to the tip. They are thick and flat with many large glistening lumps. They are 3-8 cm long by 5-20 mm wide. The flowers are white and produced close to the plant. They open in the sunlight. The fruit is a capsule that is star shaped.
Prostrate, succulent, annual herb, with a small non-flowering rosette of leaves, stems terete. Leaves flat, ovately racket-shaped, basal ones largest, ± 60 x 35 mm, margins undulate, epidermal bladder-cells very large. Flowers 15-30 mm diam., white, suffused with pink, petals, staminodes and stamens not very numerous. Fruit 5-locular.
Prostrate annual, forming large mats, up to 0.5 m high. Leaves flat, ovate-spathulate, covered in large, glassy bladder cells. Flowers cream-coloured, sometimes tinged pink at apex. Flowering time Feb.-Nov. Capsules pale golden-brown, 4-or 5-locular, valve wings inflexed over valves.
Annuals. Basal leaves forming a rosette. Prostrate annual. Leaves at base forming a small rosette, flat, ovate-spathulate, bladder cells large. Flowers white or pinkish, 15-30 mm diam. Fruits with valve wings inflexed over valves.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.75
Mature height (meter) 0.1
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway cam

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows on limey sands. It can grow in salty soils. It is usually close to the sea. It needs good drainage. It can grow in arid places. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,500 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 9-11. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Maritime sands and salt marshes. Coastal bluffs, cliffs, ballast dumps, disturbed ground; at elevations up to 100 metres.
Maritime sands and salt marshes. Coastal bluffs, cliffs, ballast dumps, disturbed ground; at elevations up to 100 metres.
Common on samphire flats and saline areas inland.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

The leaves are cooked and eaten. The seeds are edible.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal potherb species stabilisation of sandy soils
Edible fruits leaves seeds stems
Therapeutic use Ascites (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Kidney diseases (leaf), Liver diseases (leaf), Ascites (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Lung (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Hepatitis (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Renitis (unspecified), Demulcents (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Urogenital system (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed or cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 18
Germination temperacture (C°) 17 - 18
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum habit picture by Emilie Forge (cc-by-sa)
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum habit picture by Aurélia et JChris Courte-Barbary (cc-by-sa)
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum habit picture by Szabolcs Frater (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum leaf picture by Dylan Fajardo (cc-by-sa)
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum leaf picture by Matesanz Ángel (cc-by-sa)
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum leaf picture by Leonardo Rosati (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum flower picture by Massimiliano Zamboni (cc-by-sa)
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum flower picture by Kayla Crane (cc-by-sa)
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum flower picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum fruit picture by Centeno Juan D (cc-by-sa)
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum fruit picture by joselu_4 (cc-by-sa)
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum fruit picture by fabricekx (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, Cyprus, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Croatia, India, Israel, Italy, Libya, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Mexico, Malta, Mauritania, Namibia, Pakistan, Peru, Portugal, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Tunisia, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0000371473
COL ID 3ZYGR
BDTFX ID 42367
INPN ID 108391
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Mesembryanthemum glaciale Cryophytum parvum Gasoul crystallinum Cryophytum nanum Mesembryanthemum breve Cryophytum crystallinum Pentacoilanthus crystallinus Perapentacoilanthus crystallinus Mesembryanthemum crystallinum