Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C.Berg

African teak (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Moraceae > Milicia

Characteristics

Tree up to 30(–50) m. tall.. Lamina coriaceous, when juvenile chartaceous, elliptic to oblong, 6–20(–33) × 3.5–10(–1 2) cm., apex acuminate, base cordate to obtuse, margin subentire to repand, when juvenile serrate-to crenate-dentate, upper surface glabrous or puberulous to pubescent on the main nerves, when juvenile often scabridulous, lower surface densely puberulous on the vein-reticulum, pubescent, puberulous or almost glabrous on the main veins, when juvenile the whole surface hirtellous to tomentose; lateral veins 10–22 pairs, tertiary venation partly scalariform; petiole 1–5 cm. long; stipules 0.5–5 cm. long, caducous.. Staminate inflorescences: spike 8–20 cm. long, ± 0.5 cm. in diameter; peduncle 0.5–2.5 cm. long.. Pistillate inflorescences: spike 2–3(–5 in fruit) cm. long, 0.5(–1.5 in fruit) cm. in diameter; stigmas up to 7 mm. long.. Fruit ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm. long.. Fig. 2.
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A large tree. It grows to 50 m tall. The bark is pale whitish grey. It is rough and scaly. It has buttresses. The trunk is straight. The leaves are simple and alternate. They are large and oblong. They are 12-18 cm long by 6.5-9.5 cm wide. They are green on top and paler and finely hairy underneath. The old leaves become bright yellow. The base of the leaf is lobed. The edges are wavy. The male and female flowers occur separately on separate trees. The male spike is long and slender. It is 6-14 cm long by 0.5 cm wide. The flowers are white. The female spikes are short and thick. They are 2-3 cm long by 1 cm wide. They are greenish. The fruit is a small nutlet. It has fleshy lobes around it. These occur close together like a mulberry.
Leaf lamina elliptic to oblong, 6–20(33) x 3.5–10(12) cm., subcoriaceous, chartaceous when juvenile, apex acuminate, base cordate to obtuse, margin subentire to repand, when juvenile serrate to crenate-dentate; superior surface glabrous or puberulous to pubescent on the main veins, when juvenile often scabridulous; inferior surface densely puberulous on the reticulum, pubescent to puberulous or almost glabrous on the main veins, when juvenile the whole surface hirtellous to tomentose; lateral veins 10–22 pairs, tertiary venation partly perpendicular to the lateral veins: petiole 1–5 cm. long; stipules 0.5–5 cm. long, caducous.
Pistillate inflorescences: spike 2–3 cm. long, c. 0.5 cm. in diam. (to 5 x 1.5 cm. in fruit); stigmas up to 7 mm. long.
Staminate inflorescences: spike 8–20 cm. long, c. 0.5 cm. in diam., peduncle 0.5–2.5 cm. long.
Fruit ellipsoid, 2.5–3 mm. long.
Tree up to 30(50) m. tall.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 50.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 2.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in low altitude evergreen forest. It grows in the transitional areas between dense forest and grassland. It can grow in a wide range of conditions in tropical regions. It can grow in arid places. in Zimbabwe it grows between 300-500 m above sea level. In Nigeria it is recorded up to 1,360 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 11-12.
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Deciduous, semi-deciduous or evergreen, primary or secondary forest, with an apparent preference for drier forest types, at elevations up to 1,200 metres. Often occurs in gallery forest and in forest islands or as lone trees in savannah regions.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten. The fruit juice is used for flavouring. The cooked young leaves are eaten. They are used in soup.
Uses animal food charcoal dye environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal oil social use tea timber wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Edema (bark), Itch (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Pesticides (unspecified), Pruritus (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by fresh seeds. It takes 2-3 weeks and needs light. The fruit are soaked for 6 hours in water and then the seeds squeezed out.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 33
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Milicia excelsa unspecified picture

Distribution

Milicia excelsa world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Honduras, Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Milicia excelsa threat status: Near Threatened

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:910900-1
WFO ID wfo-0000447908
COL ID 43CGC
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Chlorophora tenuifolia Milicia excelsa Maclura excelsa Chlorophora alba Chlorophora excelsa Milicia africana Morus excelsa