Millettia grandis (E.Mey.) Skeels

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Millettia

Characteristics

Medium-sized, usually multi-stemmed, shrub to large tree up to 13 m high under favourable conditions. Stems gnarled and stunted when growing in shale soil. Roots with nitrogen-fixing bacterial nodules. Bark dark grey to brown, often gnarled on older stems, smooth to flaky; young branchlets sparsely pubescent to almost glabrous. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-7-jugate; petiole and rachis channelled, finely appressed-pubescent; petiole 10-45 mm long; rachis 45-110 mm long; leaflets elliptic to oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 20-80 x 10-25 mm, apex rounded to apiculate, base rounded to cuneate, glabrous, dark bluish green adaxially and finely appressed-pubescent abaxially, lateral nerves in 9-14 parallel, evenly spaced pairs; margins entire; stipules 4-6 mm long, deciduous; stipels 3-5 mm long, persistent; leaf-axils with characteristic curved striate buds; new growth with young leaves and veins a distinctive dark reddish brown; petiolules 2-4 mm long. Inflorescence a branched panicle, 140-280 mm long, branches 10-50 mm long; bracts 1-2 mm long; pedicels 3-5 mm long; bracteoles ovate, 1.5-2.0 mm long, deciduous. Calyx with pale silvery (Mozambique specimens) to dark brown (South African specimens) velvety pubescence; tube 2-5 mm long; lobes ovate, 2-3 mm long, upper two united except for apical slit of up to 1 mm. Corolla violet; standard 130-160 x 120-130 mm, rounded, with transverse callus, silver velvety pubescent outside, claw 2.5-3.0 mm long; wing blades 13-14 x 4-5 mm, oblong-elliptic, with spur 1 mm long and claw 3 mm long; blades of keel petals elliptic, 8-11 x 5 mm, finely toothed at base on upper side, with claw 3 mm long. Stamen sheath 10-13 mm long; free parts of filaments 4-5 mm long; anthers 1 mm long; upper filament free at base. Ovary up to 10 mm long, with light brown velvety pubescence, ovules 5; style 3.5-5.0 mm long, glabrous, bent through 40-45° in lower third. Pods woody, 1-3-seeded, oblong to oblanceolate, 50-130 x 15-30 mm, densely covered with dark brown pubescence when young becoming glabrescent with age, splitting transversely and explosively dehiscent. Seeds oblong, compressed, 13 x 9 mm, brownish black.
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Tree or shrub, sometimes stunted or gnarled, 2-13 m tall; bark grey or brown, smooth to ± flaky. Leaves 7-13(15)-foliolate; petiole 2-4.5(6) cm long; rachis 4.5-10.5 cm long; leaflets 2-9 x 1.5-4 cm, elliptic or oblong to oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, rounded to acute and apiculate at the apex, rounded to cuneate at the base, glabrous on upper surface, finely appressed-pubescent beneath; lateral nerves in 9-12(16) pairs; stipules 4-6 mm long, deciduous; stipels 2-4 mm long, persistent; petiolules 3-4 mm long; characteristic curved striate buds in the leaf-axils. Inflorescences branched panicles, 14-26 cm long; branches 1.5-8 cm long; bracts 1.7 mm long; pedicels 2.5-4 mm long; bracteoles 1.5-2 mm long, ovate, deciduous. Calyx with silvery grey to dark brown velvety hairs; tube 2-4 mm long; lobes 2-2.5 mm long, rounded ovate, the upper two united except for the apical 0.3 mm. Corolla violet, standard 1.3-1.6 x 1.2-1.3 cm, ± round, with transverse callus, silvery grey shiny silky pilose outside, with claw 2.5-3 mm long; wing-blades 13-14 x 4.5 mm, oblong-elliptic, with spur 1 mm long and claw 3 mm long; blades of keel petals 9-12 x 6 mm, elliptic, toothed at the base on upper side and with claw 3 mm long. Stamen sheath 1-1.3 cm long; free parts of filaments 4-5 mm long; anthers 0.8-1 mm long; upper filament free at the base. Ovary 8 mm long, densely silky with light brown hairs, 5-ovuled; style 4.5 mm long, glabrous, bent through 40-45°; stigma small. Pods woody, 5.5-9(15) x 1.5-2.7(3.5) cm, oblong or oblanceolate, margined, densely dark brown velvety when young, later glabrescent, with short beak, 1-3-seeded. Seeds brownish-black, 12(20) x 9 mm, oblong, compressed.
Medium-sized, evergreen to semi-deciduous tree, up to 13 m high, sometimes up to 25 m high in forests, with a somewhat flattened crown. Bark pale brown to grey, smooth to flaky; young parts reddish brown hairy. Leaves compound with 3-7 pairs of opposite leaflets and a terminal one. Leaflets entire, oblong to narrowly elliptic; lower surface with conspicuous, parallel, well-spaced lateral veins, fine silky hairy; stipellae usually present, linear. Flowers in erect, dense, terminal racemes much longer than leaves. Calyx campanulate, somewhat 2-lipped. Petals mauve to purple; standard conspicuous with oblong claw; wing falcate-ovate, claw broad; keel incurved, obtuse, clawed. Flowering time Dec.-Feb. Pod erect, woody, flat, dehiscent, golden-brown, velvety. Wood hard and strong, making beautiful durable furniture; seeds and roots used medicinally.
Leaves 7–13(15)-foliolate; petiole 2–4.5(6) cm long; rachis 4.5–10.5 cm long; leaflets 2–9 × 1.5–4 cm, elliptic or oblong to oblong-elliptic or ovate-elliptic, rounded to acute and apiculate at the apex, rounded to cuneate at the base, glabrous on upper surface, finely appressed-pubescent beneath; lateral nerves in 9–12(16) pairs; stipules 4–6 mm long, deciduous; stipels 2–4 mm long, persistent; petiolules 3–4 mm long; characteristic curved striate buds in the leaf-axils.
A shrub or tree. It grows up to 13 m tall. The leaves have 7-13 leaflets. The leaflets are 2-9 cm long by 1.5-4 cm wide. The flowers are in branched groups 14-26 cm long. They are violet. The fruit is a woody pod 5.5-9 cm long by 1.5-2.7 cm wide. They have a brown velvety coating when young. There are 1-3 seeds. These are brownish-black and 12 mm long by 9 mm wide.
Corolla violet, standard 1.3–1.6 × 1.2–1.3 cm, ± round, with transverse callus, silvery grey shiny silky pilose outside, with claw 2.5–3 mm long; wing-blades 13–14 × 4.5 mm, oblong-elliptic, with spur 1 mm long and claw 3 mm long; blades of keel petals 9–12 × 6 mm, elliptic, toothed at the base on upper side and with claw 3 mm long.
Pods woody, 5.5–9(15) × 1.5–2.7(3.5) cm, oblong or oblanceolate, margined, densely dark brown velvety when young, later glabrescent, with short beak, 1–3-seeded.
Inflorescences branched panicles, 14–26 cm long; branches 1.5–8 cm long; bracts 1.7 mm long; pedicels 2.5–4 mm long; bracteoles 1.5–2 mm long, ovate, deciduous.
Calyx with silvery grey to dark brown velvety hairs; tube 2–4 mm long; lobes 2–2.5 mm long, rounded ovate, the upper two united except for the apical 0.3 mm.
Ovary 8 mm long, densely silky with light brown hairs, 5-ovuled; style 4.5 mm long, glabrous, bent through 40–45°; stigma small.
Stamen sheath 1–1.3 cm long; free parts of filaments 4–5 mm long; anthers 0.8–1 mm long; upper filament free at the base.
Tree or shrub, sometimes stunted or gnarled, 2–13 m tall ; bark grey or brown, smooth to ± flaky.
Seeds brownish-black, 12(20) × 9 mm, oblong, compressed.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 11.5 - 13.0
Root system -
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Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
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Fruit color -
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Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Coastal forest, open dry forest, secondary forest on orange sand at elevations from sea level to 150 metres. Grows at elevations up to 600 metres. It can also be found as a pioneer along forest margins.
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It is a subtropical plant. It grows near the coast and up to 600 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use food fuel material medicinal oil wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Productivity -

Images

Millettia grandis unspecified picture

Distribution

Millettia grandis world distribution map, present in Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Millettia grandis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:507386-1
WFO ID wfo-0000200066
COL ID 43D7Q
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Millettia caffra Millettia grandis Virgilia grandis Berrebera caffra