Miscanthus sinensis Andersson

Maiden silvergrass (en), Herbe-à-éléphant de Chine (fr), Miscanthus de Chine (fr), Roseau de Chine (fr), Roseau chinois (fr), Eulalia (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Miscanthus

Characteristics

Erect, robust clumps to 2 m, from stout, shortly branched rhizomes. Leaf-sheath stiff, papery, with scattered fine hairs, closely appressed to culm, slightly keeled above; margins with a few hairs near ligule. Ligule 3.5-6.5 mm, long-ciliate. Leaf-blade 30-65-(120) cm × 8-14 mm, tapering, abaxially midrib very wide, pale greenish cream, adaxially glaucous, with scattered appressed fine straight hairs; margins sharply, closely, finely scabrid, tip long, very fine. Culm 120-180 cm, tough, internodes glabrous. Panicle 15-25 cm, creamy-or pinkish-brown, ± fan-shaped, rachis glabrous or slightly soft-hairy. Racemes 8-15 cm, numerous, silky, » panicle rachis. Spikelets numerous; florets almost equalling soft, white involucral hairs, short pedicels < spikelets, long pedicels > spikelets, ± 3-angled, finely prickle-toothed on angles. Glumes 4-5 mm, ± equal, straw-coloured, acuminate, rounded; lower 3-nerved, scabrid above, upper 1-nerved, margins membranous, incurved, finely ciliate. Lower floret Ø: lemma 3.5-4 mm, acute, margins ciliate. Upper floret ☿: lemma 3-4 mm, awn 5-7.5 mm; palea 1-1.5 mm; lodicules 2; anthers 2-2.3 mm; gynoecium: ovary c. 1 mm, stigma-styles c. 3 mm; caryopsis c. 2.5 × 0.7 mm.
More
Plant tufted or shortly rhizomatous. Culms (30–)80–200 (–400) cm tall, 3–10 mm in diam., solid, unbranched, nodes glabrous or puberulous. Leaves basal and cauline; leaf sheaths glabrous or pilose; leaf blades linear, flat, 18–75 × 0.3–2(–4) cm, glabrous, glaucous or pilose, midrib prominent, margins scabrid or smooth, base tapering or broad and rounded, apex acuminate; ligule 0.5–4 mm, ciliolate. Panicle (10–)20–36 cm; axis 6–16 cm, subglabrous to pilose or puberulous. Racemes (4–)10–40(–100), (8–)10–30 cm; rachis internodes glabrous, scaberulous or smooth, nodes glabrous; lower pedicel 0.5–1.5 mm, upper pedicel 1.5–4 mm. Spikelets 4–6.5 mm, pilose or glabrous, awned; callus hairs 5–8 mm, exceeding the spikelet; glumes subequal, membranous, 4–6.5 mm, 5-veined, back glabrous or pilose, puberulous at apex and along upper margins, apex acuminate; lower lemma lanceolate, hyaline, 3.5–4 mm, veinless, apex and margins puberulous, otherwise glabrous; upper lemma similar to lower, 2.5–3.5 mm; awn geniculate, 4–12 mm; upper palea a 1–2 mm scale. Anthers 3, ca. 2.5 mm. Caryopsis ellipsoid, ca. 2 mm.
Robust, 2–3 m, in large tufts; lvs elongate, to 1 m, ca 1 cm wide, scabrous-margined; racemes simple, rather closely approximate, forming a fan-shaped panicle; glumes narrow, 3–4 mm, subtended and equaled or shortly exceeded by a ring of long silky hairs; lemmas 2–3 mm, the fertile one with an awn 6 mm; 2n=35–57. Native of China, cult. for ornament and occasionally escaped. Autumn.
A grass that keeps growing from year to year. It can be in tufts or have short rhizomes. It grows 80-200 m tall. The stems are 3-10 mm across. The leaf blades are flat and 18-75 cm long by 1-2 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 3.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.35
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows along coasts and on mountain slopes below 2,000 m above sea level.
More
Moist meadows on slopes in lowland and mountains all over Japan.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The stems are eaten raw.
Uses environmental use fodder gene source material medicinal ornamental
Edible flowers stems
Therapeutic use Abscess (unspecified), Breast (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Epistaxis (unspecified), Hematochezia (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Bite(Animal) (unspecified), Extravasation (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 28
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Miscanthus sinensis habit picture by Daniel Sommeregger (cc-by-sa)
Miscanthus sinensis habit picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)
Miscanthus sinensis habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Miscanthus sinensis leaf picture by William Coville (cc-by-sa)
Miscanthus sinensis leaf picture by Rusudan Bregadze (cc-by-sa)
Miscanthus sinensis leaf picture by Kuno von der Parthe (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Miscanthus sinensis flower picture by David Hocken (cc-by-sa)
Miscanthus sinensis flower picture by doveyli (cc-by-sa)
Miscanthus sinensis flower picture by carlo (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Miscanthus sinensis fruit picture by Ian chandler (cc-by-sa)
Miscanthus sinensis fruit picture by Else Nolden (cc-by-sa)
Miscanthus sinensis fruit picture by Z H (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Miscanthus sinensis world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Germany, Egypt, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Italy, Japan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Moldova (Republic of), Malaysia, Nicaragua, New Zealand, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Turks and Caicos Islands, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:408768-1
WFO ID wfo-0000880299
COL ID 43MQZ
BDTFX ID 42712
INPN ID 108642
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Miscanthus sinensis f. purpurascens Eulalia japonica Miscanthus boninensis Miscanthus chejuensis Miscanthus condensatus Miscanthus matsudae Miscanthus miser Miscanthus nakaianus Miscanthus transmorrisonensis Saccharum roseum Xiphagrostis condensatus Miscanthus neocoreanus Miscanthus purpurascens Miscanthus pycnocephalus Erianthus japonicus Miscanthus kokusanensis f. variegatus Miscanthus chrysander Miscanthus coreensis Miscanthus hidakanus Miscanthus ionandros Miscanthus kanehirai Miscanthus kokusanensis Miscanthus littoralis Miscanthus sinensis f. crassiracemus Miscanthus sinensis f. decompositus Miscanthus sinensis f. gracillimus Miscanthus sinensis f. hashimotoi Miscanthus zebrinus Ripidium japonicum Miscanthus sinensis f. variegatus Miscanthus sinensis f. zebrinus Xiphagrostis japonica Saccharum japonicum Eulalia japonica var. gracillima Eulalia japonica var. zebrina Miscanthus matsudae var. glabrescens Miscanthus pycnocephalus var. purpurascens Miscanthus sinensis subsp. condensatus Miscanthus sinensis subsp. purpurascens Miscanthus sinensis var. albiflorus Miscanthus sinensis var. chejuensis Miscanthus sinensis var. condensatus Miscanthus sinensis var. decompositus Miscanthus sinensis var. formosanus Miscanthus sinensis var. gracillimus Miscanthus sinensis var. ionandros Miscanthus sinensis var. keumunensis Miscanthus sinensis var. nakaianus Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens Miscanthus sinensis var. sananensis Miscanthus sinensis var. transiticus Miscanthus sinensis var. variegatus Miscanthus sinensis var. yogoi Miscanthus sinensis f. porphyrocomus Miscanthus sinensis f. pycnocephalus Miscanthus sinensis f. transiticus Miscanthus sinensis f. variegatus Miscanthus sinensis f. zebrinus Miscanthus sinensis var. zebrinus Miscanthus sinensis f. sinensis Miscanthus sinensis var. coreensis Miscanthus sinensis var. ionandros Miscanthus sinensis var. nakaianus Miscanthus kokusanensis var. variegatus Miscanthus sinensis var. zebrinus Miscanthus flavidus Miscanthus sinensis var. viridis Miscanthus condensatus var. purpurascens Miscanthus sinensis