Moneses uniflora A.Gray

Single delight (en), Monésè uniflore (fr), Pyrole uniflore (fr), Monésès à une fleur (fr), Pyrole à une fleur (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Ericaceae > Moneses

Characteristics

Herbs evergreen. Rhizome creeping, slender, 0.2–0.6 mm in diam.; roots long, slender, branched. Aerial stems erect or ascending, terete to angular, 1–5 cm, 0.6–1 mm in diam., not branched, glabrous. Leaves in 3 or 4 subverticils of 2 or 3 each, alternating with ca. 5 scales; petiole (0.5–)1–1.5 cm; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially deep green and slightly shiny, broadly rhombic, 1–1.6 × 1–1.5 cm, abaxially glabrous, base subrounded to broadly cuneate, margin minutely toothed, apex rounded to obtuse. Flower nodding, regular, opening fully. Scape erect, (4–)5–10 cm tall, 1-flowered, glabrous. Bracts 1 or 2 on upper part of scape, 4–5 × ca. 2 mm, ciliolate. Sepals (4 or)5, ovate-elliptic, ca. 2.5 mm, ciliolate, apex rounded. Petals (4 or)5, white, orbicular to broadly ovate, sessile. Stamens (8–)10; anthers 3–4 mm, tubes distinct and strongly curved. Ovary subglobose; style 4–5 mm; stigma peltate with 5 distinct marginal papillae. Capsules subglobose, 5–6 mm in diam., fibers absent at margin. Seeds narrowly fusiform; testa generally with 7 or 8 cells along longest axis, inner testa walls with scalariform pits. Fl. Jul, fr. Sep. 2n = 26.
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Plants arising from horizontal roots, 0.3-3 dm. Leaves: petiole 5-20(-30) mm, channeled adaxially, glabrous; blade dull and light green abaxially, shiny and green adaxially, 6-22 × 5-20 mm, base rounded to obtuse, apex obtuse to rounded. Inflorescences: peduncle 3-15 cm; peduncular bracts absent or 1(-2), oblanceolate to elliptic or orbiculate, (2.5-)4-4.5 × (2-)2.7-3.4 mm, membranous, margins entire or obscurely erose-denticulate. Flowers: calyx lobes spreading or reflexed in fruit, green or green with margins whitish green, 2-2.5 × 1.5-2 mm, margins erose-denticulate, apex rounded to obtuse; petals ovate to broadly ovate, 8-12 × 4-8 mm, margins minutely denticulate; stamens 4-8 mm; filament base 0.4-0.8 mm wide; anthers 2.2-2.5 mm, thecae whitish yellow to tan or light brown, tubules golden brown to brown, 0.4-0.8 mm, abruptly narrowed from thecae, lateral walls not touching, pores 0.2-0.4 × 0.2-0.4 mm; ovary smooth; style 2-5 mm; stigma 1.4-3.5 mm wide, lobes erect. Capsules subglobose, 4-8 × 5-9 mm. 2n = 22, 24, 26, 32.
A herb. It keeps growing from year to year and is evergreen. It has slender rhizomes or underground stems. The are 0.2-0.8 mm thick. The above ground stems are erect or curve upwards. They are 1-5 cm high. The leaves are in 3-4 groups of 2-3 each. The leaf stalks are 1-1.5 cm long. The leaves are dark green on top and pale green underneath. The flowers are white and nodding. The fruit are capsules which are erect and 5-6 mm across. They open by 5 valves. There are many small seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support mycoheterotroph
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.3
Mature height (meter) 0.05 - 0.1
Root system adventitious-root creeping-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is temperate to subarctic. It grows in moist mossy pine and conifer forests at middle altitudes in N China. In Pakistan it grows near streams in the shade of pine forests between 2,600-3,500 m altitude. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Pine woods, the margins of moist woods in shady mossy places often in a bed of pine needles, avoiding calcareous soils.
Light 1-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 1-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 2-4

Usage

The leaves can be used for tea. The seeds can be eaten raw or roasted. They can be parched and ground into flour.
Uses medicinal tea
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (leaf), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Cough Medicine (unspecified), Throat Aid (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Orthopedic Aid (unspecified), Poultice (unspecified), Vesicant (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Abscess (unspecified), Suppurative (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Moneses uniflora habit picture by Pierre Meunier (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Moneses uniflora leaf picture by William Coville (cc-by-sa)
Moneses uniflora leaf picture by George Annette (cc-by-sa)
Moneses uniflora leaf picture by Llandrich anna (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Moneses uniflora flower picture by Mallol Camprubí Albert (cc-by-sa)
Moneses uniflora flower picture by Thierry Thierry Bessière (cc-by-sa)
Moneses uniflora flower picture by Martina Johnsson (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Moneses uniflora world distribution map, present in Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Montenegro, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331307-1
WFO ID wfo-0000376441
COL ID 443GM
BDTFX ID 42889
INPN ID 108755
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Moneses grandiflora Bryophthalmum uniflorum Pyrola uniflora Chimaphila rhombifolia Moneses reticulata Moneses rhombifolia Monanthium reticulatum Monanthium uniflorum Moneses uniflora var. uniflora Moneses uniflora var. reticulata Moneses uniflora subsp. reticulata Pyrola uniflora var. reticulata Moneses uniflora