Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Rutaceae > Murraya

Characteristics

Aromatic shrubs or trees, 3-10 m high, the foliage dense, the branchlets glandular punctate, puberulent to glabrate. Leaves odd pinnate, 4-11 cm long; petioles and rachises puberulent; leaflets alternate or rarely subopposite, obovate, obtuse or rounded to abruptly blunt acuminate and usually retuse apically, cuneate basally, the margins entire, revolute, dark green above, paler beneath, coriaceous, puberulent to glabrate, glandular punctate, the punctations numerous over the entire blade, 11-43 mm long, 7-24 mm wide; petiolules puberulent, to 2 mm long. Inflorescences dense, puberulent, 2.5-4.5 cm long. Flowers 5-merous, fragrant, the pedicels to 3 mm long; sepals 5, triangular, puberulent, ca. 1 mm long, connate for about ?/2 their length; petals 5, white, oblanceolate to spatulate, recurved, glandular punctate, pubescent or glabrous, tomentulose apically, 12-19 mm long, 5-6 mm wide; stamens 10, alternately shorter, the filaments subulate, 6 and 9 mm long; disc prominent, fleshy; ovary glandular punctate, glabrous, ca. 2 mm high, the style deciduous, the stigma capitate, 1 mm in diam. Fruit a red drupaceous berry, ovoid, acuminate apically, glandular punctate, verrucose, glabrous, 1 cm long; seed 1.
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Evergreen tree to c. 7 (–20) m high, but often a shrub. Bark smooth, pale to whitish. Young shoots glabrous to puberulous or distinctly hairy. Leaves imparipinnate, to 7 (–9)-foliolate, rarely trifoliolate, to 17 cm long, glossy, usually glabrous; leaflets cuneate-obovate, ovate, elliptic or almost rhomboid, (0.6–) 2.5–10 cm long, (0.5–) 1.2–5 cm wide, sometimes reflexed marginally, acute to acuminate, coriaceous, ± glabrous; petiolule 2–6 mm long. Flowers fragrant, in terminal and/or lateral corymbose thyrses; pedicels (0.3–) 1–1.3 cm long. Calyx lobes (4) 5, narrowly deltoid, c. 1 mm long, sparsely pubescent. Petals (4) 5, narrowly obovate, (8–) 13–18 (–25) mm long, white or cream, recurved at anthesis. Ovary 2-locular; stylehead glandular. Berries ovoid, c. 10–14 mm long, often apically pointed, glabrous, orange-red; seeds densely hairy.
Shrubs or trees, 1.8-12 m tall. Older branchlets grayish white to pale yellowish gray. Leaves 2-5-foliolate; petiolules less than 1 cm; leaflet blades mostly suborbicular to ovate to elliptic, 2-9 × 1.5-6 cm, margin entire or crenulate, apex rounded to acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or terminal and axillary. Flowers 5-merous, fragrant. Sepals ovate to lanceolate, to 2 mm, persistent in fruit. Petals white, narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, to 2 cm. Stamens 10. Fruit orange to vermilion, narrowly ellipsoid or rarely ovoid, 1-2 × 0.5-1.4 cm. Seeds villous. Fl. Apr-Oct, fr. Apr-Feb. 2n = 18.
A shrub or small evergreen tree. It grows to 5 m high and spreads to 3 m across. The branches are grey and slender. The leaves are alternate and scattered. The leaves are compound with 2-8 leaflets. Leaves are 8 to 15 cm long and smooth. The leaflets are in pairs or alternately and are oblong and tapering bluntly. The flowers are white and few. They are star-shaped or bell shaped and with a sweet smell. The fruit are oval, fleshy and orange or red. They are 1.25 cm long and normally contain 2 seeds.
Evergreen shrub or small tree 1.5–3.5(–7) m.. Leaves as M. koenigii but leaflets 3–8 and glabrous.. Flowers in terminal and axillary corymbs, 5-merous; petals 11–27 mm. long, white; stamens mostly 10; ovary 2-carpellate.. Berries ± 7 mm. in diameter, red.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 7.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. They occur in dry woods of the Philippines. They are frequently cultivated for their sweet smelling flowers. They do best with a rich, moist, well-drained soil. They need a sheltered sunny position. They are damaged by drought and frost. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. Adelaide Botanical Gardens. In XTBG Yunnan. In Townsville palmetum.
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Often common, especially as an understorey shrub, in vine thickets particularly behind beaches and in vine forest, on basalt or calcareous soils, to 200 m altitude. On Christmas Island collected from the limestone pinnacles on Rocky Point and also planted in gardens (Du Puy & Telford 1993: 304).
Thickets, montane forests; at elevations from near sea level to 1,300 metres.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-11

Usage

"The wood is hard and dense but tends to split unless carefully seasoned. The yellow root wood is used in Malaya for small objects such as kris (ceremonial dagger) handles." (Du Puy & Telford 1993: 304). Grown as an ornamental and popular as a screening/hedge plant.
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The ripe fruit are edible and used as flavouring. The flowers are used to scent tea. The leaves are used to flavour curries.
Uses environmental use essential oil food gene source invertebrate food material medicinal ornamental social use tea wood
Edible flowers fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Analgesics (bark), Anti-bacterial agents (bark), Appetite stimulants (bark), Bites and stings (bark), Diarrhea (bark), Exanthema (bark), Flatulence (bark), Leishmaniasis, visceral (bark), Malaria (bark), Pain (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Appetite stimulants (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Astringents (fruit), Diarrhea (fruit), Insecticides (fruit), General tonic for rejuvenation (fruit), Analgesics (leaf), Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Antioxidants (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Antithyroid agents (leaf), Antitussive agents (leaf), Appetite stimulants (leaf), Astringents (leaf), Cholera (leaf), Contusions (leaf), Cough (leaf), Dental caries (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Edema (leaf), Exanthema (leaf), Fertility agents (leaf), Flatulence (leaf), Fractures, bone (leaf), Gingivitis (leaf), Hemostasis (leaf), Hysteria (leaf), Insecticides (leaf), Increase leukocytes (leaf), Malaria (leaf), Pain (leaf), Paralysis (leaf), Parasympatholytics (leaf), Periodontitis (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Relaxation (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Snake bites (leaf), Vomiting (leaf), Wound healing (leaf), Rheumatoid arthritis (leaf), Analgesics (root), Anti-inflammatory agents (root), Antipyretics (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Antitussive agents (root), Aphrodisiacs (root), Appetite stimulants (root), Bites and stings (root), Contraceptive agents (root), Cough (root), Diarrhea (root), Edema (root), Exanthema (root), Flatulence (root), Hysteria (root), Kidney diseases (root), Malaria (root), Pain (root), Paralysis (root), Pregnancy complications (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Snake bites (root), Vertigo (root), Diarrhea (stem), Fertility agents (stem), Snake bites (stem), Astringent (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Cosmetic (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Gynecology (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Stomatosis (unspecified), Tapeworm (unspecified), Dentifrice (unspecified), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Herpes (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Analgesics (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Astringents (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Digestive system diseases (unspecified), Dizziness (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hematologic diseases (unspecified), Infection (unspecified), Kidney diseases (unspecified), Neurotic disorders (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Vitiligo (unspecified), Cooling effect on body (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings. Cuttings are slow to root. The plant is good for ornamental hedges. The plants can also be raised by air-layering.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Murraya paniculata leaf picture by wangmo karma (cc-by-sa)
Murraya paniculata leaf picture by Abhimanyu singh (cc-by-sa)
Murraya paniculata leaf picture by Prithiraj Sutradhar (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Murraya paniculata flower picture by Maria Camille Frixia Delavin (cc-by-sa)
Murraya paniculata flower picture by narendra chaudhari (cc-by-sa)
Murraya paniculata flower picture by Marlene Francia (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Murraya paniculata fruit picture by ifp660 (cc-by-sa)
Murraya paniculata fruit picture by ifp660 (cc-by-sa)
Murraya paniculata fruit picture by Chee Keong Chan (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Murraya paniculata world distribution map, present in Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, China, Cameroon, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Guadeloupe, Greece, French Guiana, Guam, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Nepal, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Suriname, Seychelles, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:774441-1
WFO ID wfo-0000453279
COL ID 44N6L
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447581
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Limonia malliculensis Murraya sumatrana Murraya banati Murraya amoena Murraya scandens Murraya japonensis Chalcas cammuneng Chalcas paniculata Chalcas sumatrana Connarus santaloides Chalcas intermedia Chalcas japanensis Connarus foetens Murraya omphalocarpa Chalcas camuneng Chalcas paniculata var. omphalocarpa Murraya paniculata var. exotica Murraya paniculata var. omphalocarpa Murraya ovatifoliolata Murraya paniculata