Mussaenda frondosa L.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Mussaenda

Characteristics

Climbing shrubs; branches terete to compressed, moderately to densely pale red sericeous to hirsute becoming glabrescent, red-brown or brown, rather densely lenticellate. Leaves opposite; petiole 4-10 mm, densely sericeous; blade drying thinly papery or leathery, adaxially dark green to brownish green, abaxially pale green to yellowed, broadly elliptic, elliptic-oblong, ovate, or oblanceolate, 8-15 × 3-8 cm, both surfaces sparsely strigillose on lamina and strigose to sericeous on principal veins, base acute, obtuse, or rounded, apex acute to caudate-acuminate; secondary veins 7-10 pairs, tertiary venation visible and reticulate; stipules persistent, triangular, 5-10 mm, densely strigose to pilose, deeply 2-lobed, lobes lanceolate to narrowly triangular, acute to acuminate. Inflorescences congested-cymose becoming lax with lateral axes elongating markedly, 4-8 × 8-20 cm with lateral axes to 8 cm, sparsely to moderately pubescent with 2 types of pubescence, mixed strigillose to appressed puberulent and hirsute to villous, pedunculate or sessile and 3-partite; peduncles 1-3 cm; bracts triangular or elliptic, 4-10 mm, usually 2-to multifid, acute to acuminate; pedicels 1-6 mm. Flowers pedicellate, biology not noted. Calyx with hypanthium portion ellipsoid, 3-4 mm, strigose to sericeous; lobes narrowly triangular to narrowly ligulate, 7-12 mm, hirsute, acute to acuminate, with 1 lobe of 1-4 flowers per inflorescence sometimes expanded into calycophyll, blade elliptic-oblong to ovate, 6-8 × 2.5-5 cm, both surfaces glabrescent on lamina and strigillose on principal veins, base acute to cuneate, stipe 10-30 mm, apex acute or acuminate. Corolla salverform, outside hirsute; tube 22-25 mm; lobes ovate, 6-7 mm, acuminate. Berry ovoid or ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 7 mm, strigose to glabrescent, calyx limb deciduous. Fl. Apr-May.
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A large climbing shrub. The stems are erect. It grows 3 m or more tall. The leaves are oblong and pointed. They are 15 cm long. They are downy underneath. The flowers are small and yellow. They occur in clusters at the ends of branches. They are trumpet shaped. The flowers have white sepals. The fruit is like a berry and is about 1 cm long. There are many seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in tropical Asia. In Indonesia it grows from the coast up to 2,000 m above sea level. It is often on the edge of forests and near water. It needs regular moisture and fertile, sandy, humus-rich soil. The soil needs to be well-drained. It needs full sun. It occurs in the Western Ghats in India. It suits hardiness zones 10-12.
More
Not known
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The enlarged flower sepals are eaten as a vegetable. The young leaves are eaten as a pot herb.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal social use
Edible flowers leaves roots
Therapeutic use Analgesics (bark), Anti-bacterial agents (bark), Antifungal agents (bark), Postnatal care (bark), Anti-bacterial agents (flower), Antipyretics (flower), Antitussive agents (flower), Asthma (flower), Diuretics (flower), Exanthema (flower), Gastrointestinal diseases (flower), Ulcer (flower), Antiperiodic (flower), Hair loss (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Antitussive agents (leaf), Asthma (leaf), Dandruff (leaf), Edema (leaf), Eye diseases (leaf), Gangrene (leaf), Gastrointestinal diseases (leaf), Hemostasis (leaf), Hyperlipidemias (leaf), Hypersensitivity (leaf), Hypnotics and sedatives (leaf), Inflammation (leaf), Jaundice (leaf), Liver diseases (leaf), Increase physical endurance, strength and stamina (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Wound healing (leaf), Cooling effect on body (leaf), Antipyretics (root), Antitussive agents (root), Asthma (root), Diuretics (root), Eye infections (root), Gastrointestinal diseases (root), Hiccup (root), Leprosy (root), Pharyngitis (root), Pneumonia (root), Ulcer (root), Vitiligo (root), Eye diseases (stem), Inflammation (stem), Eye (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Antiemetics (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antioxidants (unspecified), Antipruritics (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Antitussive agents (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Cardiotonic agents (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Expectorants (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Graves ophthalmopathy (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Postnatal care (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Uterine diseases (unspecified), Vitiligo (unspecified), Wound healing (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified), Antipruritics (whole plant), Bronchitis (whole plant), Cough (whole plant), Eye infections (whole plant), Fever (whole plant), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (whole plant), Jaundice (whole plant), Leprosy (whole plant), Ulcer (whole plant), Vitiligo (whole plant), Wounds and injuries (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown by seeds or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Mussaenda frondosa leaf picture by lithos simeon (cc-by-sa)
Mussaenda frondosa leaf picture by Sudhanshu Kumar (cc-by-sa)
Mussaenda frondosa leaf picture by Sudhanshu Kumar (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Mussaenda frondosa flower picture by Sudhanshu Kumar (cc-by-sa)
Mussaenda frondosa flower picture by Gauri Achari (cc-by-sa)
Mussaenda frondosa flower picture by Alain BEIGNET (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Mussaenda frondosa world distribution map, present in Andorra, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Indonesia, Nepal, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:756632-1
WFO ID wfo-0000246564
COL ID 44QMB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447518
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Mussaenda belilla Mussaenda flavescens Mussaenda formosa Mussaenda ingrata Mussaenda zollingeriana Mussaenda dovinia Mussaenda frondosa Mussaenda fruticosa Mussaenda tomentosa Gardenia frondosa Mussaenda villosa Mussaenda macrophylla Mussaenda sumatrensis