Mussaenda L.

Genus

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae

Characteristics

Trees, shrubs, or clambering or twining lianas, rarely dioecious, unarmed. Raphides absent. Leaves opposite or occasionally in whorls of 3, with or usually without domatia; stipules persistent or caducous, interpetiolar, entire or 2-lobed. Inflorescences terminal and sometimes also in axils of uppermost leaves, cymose, paniculate, or thyrsiform, several to many flowered, sessile to pedunculate, bracteate. Flowers sessile to pedicellate, bisexual and usually distylous or rarely unisexual. Calyx limb 5-lobed nearly to base, frequently some or all flowers of an inflorescence with 1(-5) white to colored, petaloid, persistent or deciduous, membranous, stipitate calycophyll(s) with 3-7 longitudinal veins. Corolla yellow, red, orange, white, or rarely blue (Mussaenda multinervis), salverform with tube usually slender then abruptly inflated around anthers, or rarely constricted at throat (M. hirsuta), inside variously pubescent but usually densely yellow clavate villous in throat; lobes 5, valvate-reduplicate in bud, often long acuminate. Stamens 5, inserted in middle to upper part of corolla tube, included; filaments short or reduced; anthers basifixed. Ovary 2-celled, ovules numerous in each cell, inserted on oblong, fleshy, peltate, axile placentas; stigmas 2-lobed, lobes linear, included or exserted. Fruit purple to black, baccate or perhaps rarely capsular (M. decipiens), fleshy, globose to ellipsoid, often conspicuously lenticellate, with calyx limb persistent or caducous often leaving a conspicuous scar; seeds numerous, small, angled to flattened; testa foveolate-striate; endosperm abundant, fleshy.
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Corolla white, yellow or red; tube cylindrical, narrowly funnel-shaped or abruptly widened to accommodate the anthers, with flattened or fine hairs at the throat and between the anthers; limb 5-lobed, lobes reduplicate in bud, spreading at maturity, often with the centre portion connate, with short hairs and often a star-shape of longer, coloured hairs above.
Calyx tube oblong, turbinate or ovoid; limb-tube small; lobes 5, usually subulate, linear, slightly spathulate or sometimes short and dentate or rounded, persistent or caducous; frequently several lobes on each inflorescence develop into a stalked white, creamy-yellow or sometimes red calycophyll (TAB. 73/A5).
Ovary 2 (rarely 3–4)-locular; ovules numerous, inserted on fleshy placentas; style slender, sometimes divided into 2 arms; stigma included or occasionally exserted; lobes 2, ± oblong to fusiform.
Anthers 5, the tips just level with the throat or inserted up to halfway down the tube, linear, attached by very short filaments near the base; connective very shortly acuminate at the apex.
Flowers usually yellow to red or sometimes white, occasionally sweet-scented, isostylous or heterostylous, borne in terminal panicles.
Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, globose, ellipsoid or oblong, sometimes crowned by the persistent calyx lobes, often lenticellate.
Leaves petiolate, blades usually elliptic with an acute or acuminate apex, pubescent or less often glabrous.
Seeds numerous, pale brown to blackish, small, usually ± flattened, the surface reticulated.
Stipules entire to completely bilobed, persistent or caducous.
Colleters usually present between the calyx lobes.
Shrubs, scandent shrubs or lianes.
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Growth form shrub
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Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

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Cultivation

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Images

Mussaenda unspecified picture

Distribution

Mussaenda world distribution map, present in Angola, Andorra, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Cook Islands, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Nigeria, Nepal, Philippines, Réunion, Sudan, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327866-2
WFO ID wfo-4000025036
COL ID 8VZJF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Spallanzania Menestoria Mussaenda

Lower taxons

Mussaenda elmeri Mussaenda angolensis Mussaenda chlorantha Mussaenda conopharyngiifolia Mussaenda cordifolia Mussaenda cylindrocarpa Mussaenda dasyphylla Mussaenda debeauxii Mussaenda decipiens Mussaenda dranensis Mussaenda elegans Mussaenda elliptica Mussaenda erosa Mussaenda erythrophylla Mussaenda fissibractea Mussaenda forbesii Mussaenda gossweileri Mussaenda hoaensis Mussaenda hossei Mussaenda johannis-winkleri Mussaenda macrophylla Mussaenda malaccensis Mussaenda monticola Mussaenda pluviatilis Mussaenda polyneura Mussaenda pubescens Mussaenda raiateensis Mussaenda ridleyana Mussaenda rivularis Mussaenda roxburghii Mussaenda rufa Mussaenda rufescens Mussaenda scratchleyi Mussaenda setosa Mussaenda shikokiana Mussaenda simpliciloba Mussaenda soyauxii Mussaenda squiresii Mussaenda subsessilis Mussaenda variolosa Mussaenda afzelii Mussaenda sessilifolia Mussaenda chevalieri Mussaenda chingii Mussaenda chippii Mussaenda dawei Mussaenda densiflora Mussaenda dinhensis Mussaenda divaricata Mussaenda forsteniana Mussaenda frondosa Mussaenda garrettii Mussaenda isertiana Mussaenda kwangsiensis Mussaenda kwangtungensis Mussaenda lanata Mussaenda lancifolia Mussaenda lanuginosa Mussaenda laxa Mussaenda leptantha Mussaenda leucophylla Mussaenda leucova Mussaenda longipetala Mussaenda longituba Mussaenda lotungensis Mussaenda macrantha Mussaenda magallanensis Mussaenda malacotricha Mussaenda membranifolia Mussaenda microdonta Mussaenda milleri Mussaenda mollis Mussaenda mollissima Mussaenda motleyi Mussaenda multibracteata Mussaenda palawanensis Mussaenda parryorum Mussaenda parviflora Mussaenda parvifolia Mussaenda philippinensis Mussaenda pilosissima Mussaenda pinatubensis Mussaenda pingbianensis Mussaenda saigonensis Mussaenda samana Mussaenda scandens Mussaenda tomentosa Mussaenda treutleri Mussaenda villosa Mussaenda zenkeri Mussaenda incana Mussaenda hirsutissima Mussaenda caudatiloba Mussaenda intuspilosa Mussaenda pullei Mussaenda purpurascens Mussaenda thorelii Mussaenda utakwae Mussaenda vidalii Mussaenda wrayi Mussaenda kerrii Mussaenda kingdon-wardii Mussaenda multinervis Mussaenda nervosa Mussaenda nijensis Mussaenda oreadum Mussaenda ornata Mussaenda ovata Mussaenda paludosa Mussaenda glabra Mussaenda glabrata Mussaenda grandifolia Mussaenda griffithii Mussaenda hainanensis Mussaenda heinsioides Mussaenda herderscheeana Mussaenda hilaris Mussaenda hirsuta Mussaenda hirsutula Mussaenda kanehirae Mussaenda keenanii Mussaenda kintaensis Mussaenda maingayi Mussaenda acuminata Mussaenda acuminatissima Mussaenda anisophylla Mussaenda antiloga Mussaenda aptera Mussaenda attenuifolia Mussaenda bammleri Mussaenda benguetensis Mussaenda bevanii Mussaenda brachygyna Mussaenda breviloba Mussaenda cambodiana Mussaenda celebica Mussaenda aestuarii Mussaenda albiflora Mussaenda angustisepala Mussaenda ferruginea Mussaenda bityensis Mussaenda bodenii Mussaenda bonii Mussaenda parva Mussaenda grandiflora Mussaenda landolphioides Mussaenda polita Mussaenda tenuiflora Mussaenda tristigmatica Mussaenda ustii Mussaenda viridiflora Mussaenda emeiensis Mussaenda lancipetala Mussaenda nicobarica Mussaenda nannanii Mussaenda campanulata Mussaenda grandibracteata Mussaenda liedeae Mussaenda lobbii Mussaenda sabahensis Mussaenda dolichocarpa Mussaenda laxiflora Mussaenda procera Mussaenda rufinervia Mussaenda sanderiana Mussaenda whitei Mussaenda uniflora Mussaenda sandakana Mussaenda nivea Mussaenda reinwardtiana Mussaenda sericea Mussaenda spectabilis Mussaenda teysmanniana Mussaenda wallichii Mussaenda corymbosa Mussaenda borbonica Mussaenda chrysotricha Mussaenda kajewskii Mussaenda afzelioides Mussaenda linderi Mussaenda epiphytica Mussaenda arcuata Mussaenda philippica