Myristica simiarum A.Dc.

Species

Angiosperms > Magnoliales > Myristicaceae > Myristica

Characteristics

Tree 5-36 m. Twigs 1.5-3(-3.5) mm diameter, whitish or pale brown (or dark brown), early glabrescent, hairs 0.1-0.2(-0.4) mm; older twigs without or with few to many small paler coloured lenticels. Leaves membranous or thinly chartaceous, very brittle, ovate-elliptic or oblong(-lanceolate), 11—18(—32) by 3-7(-12) cm, base acute or nearly rounded, apex acute-acuminate; upper surface light or blackish brown, sometimes scabrous, lower surface grey(-brown), pubescent or (late) glabrescent, hairs appressed, silky, (0.1-)0.3-0.5 mm; papillation present, absent, or indistinct; dots absent; midrib slightly raised above; lateral nerves 10—14(—18) per side, at 45-60° to the midrib, flat and faint above, lines of interarching distinct or not, venation faint; petiole 14-25(-35) by 1-2 (-2.5) mm; leaf bud 12-25 by 1-2.5 mm, hairs appressed, pale or (reddish) brown, 0.5-1 mm. Inflorescences pedunculate, between the leaves (rarely ± below), late glabrescent, hairs scattered, 0.5(-l) mm; in male: ± slender, 1.5-4 by 1.5-3.5 cm, peduncle 7-15 (-17) by 1-2 mm, basal branches rectangular to the peduncle, to 7 mm long, central axis simple, or with 2 or 3 sessile or short-stalked, scar-covered brachyblasts to 10 mm long (rarely absent), flowers in clusters of 3-12, buds of ± variable sizes; bracts ± triangular, 1-1.5 mm, ± pubescent, subpersistent or caducous; female as male, but smaller and fewer flowered; flowers with hairs 0.2-0.3(-0.5) mm. Male flowers: pedicel (2-)3-5 mm, slender, bracteole ± triangular, 1-2 mm, pubescent, persistent; buds ± ellipsoid-oblong, ± triangular, 4.5-8 by 2-3 mm, apex ± acute, cleft c. 1/2, the sutures thicker than rest of perianth. Androecium slender, 4-5.5 mm; androphore (0.5-) 1-1.5 mm, hairs sparse or dense, 0.3-1 mm; synandrium (2.5-)3-3.5 by 0.8-1 mm, thecae 12-16(7), sterile apex irregularly blunt, 0.3-0.5 mm long, or shallowly hollowed. Female flowers: pedicel 1.5-2(-2.5) mm long, bracteole 1-1.5 mm long, persistent; buds ovoid, 5-6 by 3-3.5 mm, ± angled, cleft c. 1/3 (to nearly 1/2); ovary (narrowly) ovoid, 3 by 1.5-2 mm, hairs 0.5 mm, stigma broadly 2-lipped, 0.3-0.5 mm long. Fruits (variable according to the subspecies), solitary or 2 or 3 per infructescence, subglobose or broadly ellipsoid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 2-4 by 2-3 cm, apex rounded or shortly beaked, base rounded or shortly contracted, glabrescent or thinly pubescent, hairs inconspicuous, grey-brown, silky, (0.3-)0.5 mm; pericarp 2-5 mm thick, (blackish) brown, seeds broad-ellipsoid; fruiting pedicel slender or stout, 3-6 mm long.
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A tree. It grows 41 m tall. The trunk can be 152 cm across. The leaves are alternate and simple. They can be smooth or have golden hairs. The flowers are 12 mm across and yellow-brown. They are in groups. The fruit are 3.4 cm long and yellow or orange. The seeds have a yellow or red divided aril or fleshy layer around them.
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Growth form tree
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Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
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Mature height (meter) 20.0 - 36.0
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Environment

An upper canopy tree in undisturbed mixed dipterocarp forest, also on slopes, rough country, hills and low mountains; usually on (old coral) limestone or sandstone, yellow sandy soils, occasionally shallow clay soil; elevations up to 600 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in dipterocarp forests on ridges and limestone up to 800 m above sea level.
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses dye medicinal wood
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Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
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Distribution

Myristica simiarum world distribution map, present in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Philippines

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:586304-1
WFO ID wfo-0001085275
COL ID 459VW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Palala simiarum Myristica simiarum Sterculia glandulosa Myristica discolor

Lower taxons

Myristica simiarum subsp. celebica Myristica simiarum subsp. calcarea