Mystroxylon aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes.

Species

Angiosperms > Celastrales > Celastraceae > Mystroxylon

Characteristics

Shrub or tree (1–)2–12(–18) m. high; branches flattened (or very rarely somewhat angular) and yellowish velutinous to sparsely pubescent or rarely glabrous when young, becoming terete and glabrous.. Leaf-lamina dark green and ± glossy or sometimes glaucous above, paler and dull beneath, ovate to lanceolate or oblong or more rarely elliptic to subcircular, 1.6–12(–15) × 0.8–5.6(–8) cm., obtuse (or very rarely acute) to rounded or retuse at the apex, with margin entire or undulate-crenulate to glandular-denticulate, cuneate to shallowly cordate at the base, coriaceous, glabrous or with the nerves shortly yellowish pubescent above, glabrous or ± densely yellowish pubescent to velutinous beneath, with veins varying in prominence; petiole 1–8 mm. long, glabrous to velutinous.. Cymes 0.5–2.5 cm. long, slender or rather stout, sessile (rarely) or with peduncle up to 14(–20) mm. long; pedicels up to 15 mm. long; flowers 2-± 20 in each cyme or solitary, 3–6 mm. in diameter.. Sepals broadly ovate to semicircular, 0.5–1 mm. long, pubescent or puberulous or very rarely glabrous.. Petals green to yellow, subcircular and sessile or broadly clawed with short lamina, 1–2.5 mm. long, glabrous, with margin entire.. Stamens with anther-connective often reddish when dry.. Ovary (2–)3-locular, broadly ovoid to semiglobose.. Drupe bright red to purplish red, globose to ovoid, 8–20 mm. long, often apiculate, smooth or finely rugose, ± fleshy, glabrous or glaucous to puberulous.. Fig. 3.
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Shrub or tree, up to 4 m high. Branchlets flattened, yellowish hairy, becoming terete and glabrous. Leaves alternate, yellowish hairy only on veins to densely hairy all over, dark green and glossy, paler and dull below; lamina ovate to lanceolate, 16-120(-150) x 8-56(-80) mm, base cuneate to cordate, apex obtuse, or rounded to emarginate, margins entire or wavy to glandular-toothed; petioles 4-8 mm long, hairy. Inflorescences axillary, cymose; peduncles up to 20 mm long, hairy. Flowers 5-merous, green to yellow; pedicels up to 15 mm long. Sepals ± suborbicular, ± 1 mm long, hairy. Petals suborbicular, 1-2 mm long, glabrous. Ovary (2)3-locular. Fruit a globose drupe, 8-20 mm in diam., often apiculate, bright to purplish red, smooth, glabrous or hairy.
Leaves with lamina dark green often glossy and sometimes glaucous above, paler and dull below, 1·6–12(15) × 0·8–5·6(8) cm., ovate to lanceolate or oblong or more rarely elliptic to subcircular, obtuse or very rarely acute to rounded or retuse at the apex, with margin entire or undulate-crenulate to glandular-denticulate, cuneate to shallowly cordate at the base, coriaceous, glabrous or with nerves shortly yellowish-pubescent above, glabrous or ± densely yellowish-pubescent to-velutinous below, with veins varying in prominence; petiole 1–8 mm. long, glabrous to velutinous.
An evergreen tree. It has several stems and grows 12 m tall. The crown is spreading. The young bark is smooth and grey but it becomes rough. The young branches are flattened. The leaves are dark green. They are simple and arranged in spirals. The flowers are in sprays with about 20 flowers. The fruit is fleshy with a stone inside. It is about 1 cm long and has a sweet edible pulp.
Shrub or tree (1)2–12(18) m. high; branches flattened (or very rarely somewhat angular) and yellowish-velutinous to sparsely puberulous or rarely glabrous when young, becoming terete and glabrous.
Cymes with peduncle up to 14(20) mm. long or rarely absent, glabrous or pubescent, varying in thickness; pedicels up to 15 mm. long; flowers 1-c. 20 in each cyme, 3–6 mm. in diam.
Drupe bright red to purplish-red, 8–20 mm., globose to ovoid, often apiculate, smooth or finely rugose, ± fleshy, glabrous or glaucous to puberulous.
Scrambling shrub or tree. Leaves elliptic to circular, often densely pubescent. Flowers in axillary glomerules, yellow. Drupe light brown.
Petals green to yellow, 1–2·5 mm. long, sub-circular and sessile or broadly unguiculate with short lamina, glabrous.
Sepals 0·5–1 mm. long, broadly ovate to semicircular, pubescent or puberulous or very rarely glabrous.
Stamens with anther-connective often reddish when dry.
Ovary broadly ovoid to semi-globose, (2)3-locular.
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.1 - 12.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
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Flower color
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Fruit color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in the mountain forest in West Africa. It is widespread over tropical Africa from sea level to 2,000 m altitude. It can tolerate drought. It can grow in arid places.
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Submontane evergreen forest, fringing forest, Brachystegia woodland, coastal woodland or savannah woodland; at elevations from sea level to around 2,100 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The bark is used to make a tea infusion. The fruit are used as a dessert fruit.
Uses dye environmental use food fuel gene source material medicinal social use tea wood
Edible barks fruits leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

The plant is grown from seeds. The flesh needs to removed from the seed. The seeds are planted in sand in a warm moist spot. Seeds germinate in 2-3 weeks.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Mystroxylon aethiopicum leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Mystroxylon aethiopicum leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Mystroxylon aethiopicum leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Mystroxylon aethiopicum flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Mystroxylon aethiopicum world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Botswana, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Malawi, Mayotte, Rwanda, South Sudan, eSwatini, Seychelles, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Mystroxylon aethiopicum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:834947-1
WFO ID wfo-0000376745
COL ID 45FSC
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 969108
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Mystroxylon macrocarpum Mystroxylon pubescens Mystroxylon ussanguense Mystroxylon englerianum Mystroxylon goetzei Mystroxylon holstii Mystroxylon kubu Cassine schlechteri Elaeodendron aethiopicum Elaeodendron confertiflorum Cassine confertiflora Cassine engleriana Cassine holstii Cassine macrocarpa Cassine pubescens Cassine sphaerophylla Cassine velutina Elaeodendron athranthum Mystroxylon schlecteri Mystroxylon athranthum Mystroxylon spilocarpum Mystroxylon sessiliflorum Mystroxylon confertiflorum Mystroxylon sphaerophyllum Elaeodendron sphaerophyllum Elaeodendron pubescens Elaeodendron sessiliflorum Elaeodendron sphaerophyllum Elaeodendron velutinum Elaeodendron aethiopicum var. pubescens Cassine aethiopica Mystroxylon aethiopicum subsp. schlechteri Mystroxylon aethiopicum

Lower taxons

Mystroxylon aethiopicum subsp. aethiopicum