Plants small to large, shelf-forming or dendroid, green, yellowish, or brownish, glossy to dull. Stems creeping, or forming stipe perpendicular to substrate; secondary branches produced regularly along stem or only distally; paraphyllia absent or present, few to many, simple or branched; pseudoparaphyllia filamentous to foliose; rhizoids present only on primary stem or branch apices that touch substrate. Primary stem leaves appressed, erect-appressed, or erect-spreading, ovate, lanceolate, or deltoid; margins entire to serrulate; apex obtuse, broadly acute, or acute; ecostate, costa double and short, or single; distal medial laminal cells rhomboidal to fusiform, smooth to papillose. Stipe leaves of dendroid plants appressed, erect-spreading, or erect, obovate, deltoid, or lanceolate; margins plane to recurved, usually entire; apex acute; costa single; distal medial laminal cells fusiform, linear to rectangular. Secondary stem and branch leaves widely erect, erect-spreading, or spreading, ovate, ovate-ligulate, oblong-ligulate, oblong-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, symmetric or asymmetric, flat or undulate, crisped or slightly plicate; base occasionally auriculate, basal lobes absent (small lobe present at adaxial base of lateral leaves in Homaliadelphus); margins usually entire basally, slightly serrulate, serrate, or entire at apex; apex truncate, obtuse, obtuse-apiculate, or broadly to narrowly acute; costa double, single, or ecostate; basal laminal cells linear to rectangular, smooth or prorulose, walls pitted or not; distal medial cells rhomboidal, fusiform to linear, or linear-flexuose; apical cells round, oval, rhombic, rhomboidal, or fusiform. Sexual condition synoicous, autoicous, or dioicous. Seta short to long, smooth. Capsule erect, suberect, or horizontal, immersed to exserted; peristome double (single in Neomacounia); exostome with external surface smooth or cross striolate, papillose distally; endostome basal membrane low or high, segments linear to lanceolate, smooth to papillose, perforated along keel by narrow slits, cilia absent or 1-3, often connate. Calyptra cucullate, naked or hairy. Spores papillose to finely papillose.
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