Stems often much elongate, green, very slender, near the summit less than 1 mm thick; lf broadly ovate, deeply cordate, 3–7 cm; functionally dioecious, some fls usually replaced by spur-like tuberous-thickened roots; cal-lobes at anthesis 2–3 mm, in fr extending well beyond the middle of the capsule; cor 5–8 mm, white or creamy, with a crest-like yellow gland at the base of each lobe; anthers ca 1 cm or less; fr 4–5 mm, not beaked; seeds smooth or sparsely papillate; 2n=36. In quiet water; Nf. and Que. to Ont., s. to Conn. and N.Y., and locally along the coastal plain to Fla. and La. July–Sept. (N. lacunosa, misapplied)
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