Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze

Water-snowflake (en), Menyanthe de l'inde (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Menyanthaceae > Nymphoides

Characteristics

Aquatic herbs varying in size and texture according to the depth and permanence of the water where they grow; apparently glabrous but in parts sparsely covered with stellate hairs; stems short or long, petiole-like (false petioles), bearing: leaves, runners, flowers and rootlets at the nodes which are at or near the base of the leaves. Leaves floating, green and irregularly and minutely tubercled in parts above, usually reddish and irregularly pitted below, orbicular to ovate-orbicular with deep sinuses at the base, 2-16 cm diam., margins entire, crenate or dentate; true petiole 0-5 cm long. Flowers white, yellow or white with a yellow base, heterostyled, few to many in a fascicle. Calyx about 6 mm long, deeply 5-6-lobed, lobes narrowly to broadly oblong, spaisely gland-dotted or pitted. Corolla 5-6-lobed; tube short with 5-6 tufts of hairs on the nerves alternating with the decurrent filaments and about midway in the tube; lobes longer than the tube, fimbriate on the inner face to varying degrees, sometimes on the margins only. Stamens inserted at or below the corolla throat; filaments short, almost absent in long-styled flowers. Ovary with 5 basal glands which are usually shortly ciliate; style short or long, 2-lobed. Capsule indehiscent or irregularly rupturing, shorter or as long as the persistent, erect calyx. Seeds compressed globose, smooth to densely and minutely tuberculate, sometimes tubercles obscure and on the rim only.
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Plants perennial, often spotted red-violet.. Stolons numerous.. Leaves circular, up to 30 cm. across, reddish beneath; petiole 1.5-6 cm. or even more.. Inflorescence usually 20-30-flowered; pedicels 4-10 cm. long.. Calyx 5-10 mm. long.. Corolla ± 2.5-3 cm. across, white with a yellow centre; tube ± 7-9 mm. long; corolla lobes covered entirely with hairs inside; heterostylous.. Stamens inserted 2/ 3 or 3/ 4 of the way up the corolla-tube; anthers in short-styled flowers ± 2.5-3 mm. long, filaments long-exserted, 2-3 mm. long; anthers in long-styled flowers similar but only up to 2 mm. long, filaments not exserted, 1-2 mm. long.. Gynoecium 5-8 or 10-14 mm.; ovary ovoid in both types of flowers, 3-4 mm. long.. Capsule ovoid, up to 6 mm. diameter, shorter than the calyx.. Seeds numerous, sometimes more than 50, smooth to ± tuberculate.
Rhizomes horizontal. Stems cylindric, unbranched. Petiole cylindric, 1-2 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate to subcordate, 3-18 cm, subcoriaceous, abaxially densely glandular, base cordate, margin entire; veins indistinct, palmate. Flowers many, clustered at nodes, 5merous, distylous. Pedicel cylindric, 3-5 cm. Calyx 3-6 mm, lobed to near base; lobes lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, apex obtuse. Corolla white with a yellow center, 7-12 mm; lobes ovate-elliptic, outside densely fimbriate-pilose, apex obtuse. Filaments flattened, linear, 1.5-1.7 mm; anthers sagittate, 2-2.2 mm. Style cylindric; stigma lobes triangular. Capsules elliptic, 3-5 mm, few seeded. Seeds brown, globose, 1.2-1.5 mm; seed coat smooth. Fl. and fr. Aug-Oct. 2n = 18 [or 36].
A herb which grows in water. It keeps growing from year to year. The roots are attached to the mud. The rhizomes are horizontal. The stem is like a cylinder and unbranched. It grows 1-2 m tall. The leaf stalk is like a cylinder. The leaf blade is 3-18 cm across. The leaf floats on the water. The leaf is round but with a heart shaped base. There are many flowers which are clustered at the nodes. The flowers are 1-2.5 cm across. They are white but can have a yellow base. The seeds are brown, round and 1-1.5 mm across. The seed coat is smooth. The capsules are oval and with few seeds. The capsules are 3-5 mm across.
Rhizomatous, aquatic perennial. Leaves floating, orbicular-cordate. Flowers 2 to several in fascicles at nodes, heterostylous, petals fringed, white or yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support aquatic
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.03 - 0.18
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 2.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It suits tropical and subtropical locations. It grows in water 2 m deep. It grows in wetlands. It occurs in standing water below 100-1600 m. in China. Plants are damaged by frost. It grows in lakes, pools, swamps and rivers. It can dry up and re-grow. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 1,650 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In Yunnan.
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Rooting in mud, an occasional plant in ponds or wet places from near sea level to an elevation of about 825 metres in Fiji.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The flowers are eaten raw with fish sauces. The stalks and flower stalks can be eaten cooked. The fruit are eaten boiled or used in curries. The underground parts and leaf stalks are used as a vegetable. They are boiled and eaten.
Uses environmental use food gene source green manure invertebrate food material medicinal
Edible flowers fruits leaves rhizomes roots stems
Therapeutic use Aphrodisiacs (flower), Menorrhagia (flower), Analgesics (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Jaundice (leaf), Scabies (leaf), Skin diseases, infectious (leaf), Anticonvulsants (rhizome), Antipyretics (rhizome), Diuretics (rhizome), Anticonvulsants (root), Antipyretics (shoot), Jaundice (shoot), Aphrodisiacs (stem), Menorrhagia (stem), Analgesics (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hepatitis (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Scabies (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Wound healing (unspecified), Cooling effect on body (unspecified), Antipyretics (whole plant), Jaundice (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seed or by division of the runners.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Nymphoides indica leaf picture by RIYAZ (రియాజ్) PASHA (పాషా) (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Nymphoides indica flower picture by Uday Wali (cc-by-sa)
Nymphoides indica flower picture by David Viala (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Nymphoides indica world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Ecuador, Fiji, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Jamaica, Japan, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Nepal, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Paraguay, Singapore, El Salvador, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Vanuatu, and South Africa

Conservation status

Nymphoides indica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1182548-2
WFO ID wfo-0000382493
COL ID 486QL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 630232
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Nymphoides indica Villarsia nymphaeifolia Limnanthemum kleinianum Limnanthemum wightianum Limnanthemum fraserianum Menyanthes meridionalis Menyanthes petioliflora Villarsia eglandulosa Villarsia indica Villarsia glandulosa Villarsia communis Villarsia platiphylla Villarsia macrophylla Limnanthemum calycinum Menyanthes indica Menyanthes brasilica Limnanthemum esquirolii Limnanthemum ecklonianum Limnanthemum orbiculatum Nymphoides eckloniana Villarsia rheedei Limnanthemum indicum Menyanthes macrophylla Villarsia simsii Villarsia swartzii Limnanthemum humboldtianum var. parviflorum

Lower taxons

Nymphoides indica subsp. occidentalis