Oenothera stricta Ledeb.

Chilean evening primrose (en), Onagre dressée (fr), Onagre raide (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Onagraceae > Oenothera

Characteristics

Herbs erect or rarely decumbent, annual or biennial, often with basal rosette. Stems 25-100 cm tall, simple or barely branched, strigillose, often with spreading and glandular hairs. Leaves green, with inconspicuous veins, strigillose, sessile to shortly petiolate; rosette leaves 10-25 × 0.8-2.5 cm; cauline leaves very narrowly elliptic to lanceolate or oblanceolate, 6-18 × 0.6-2.5 cm, base attenuate, rounded, or cordate, margin serrate and usually somewhat undulate, apex acute. Inflorescence a lax open simple or branched spike. Flowers open near sunset, one or several per day; floral tube 2-3.5 cm, erect in bud. Sepals 1.2-2.5 cm, with free tips 1-3 mm, erect. Petals yellow, often with a red spot at base, fading to reddish orange, 1.5-2.5(-3.5) cm. Anthers 7-11 mm; pollen ca. 50% fertile. Ovary densely strigillose, with some longer spreading or glandular hairs; stigma surrounded by anthers. Capsules cylindric, somewhat enlarged toward apex, 2-4 cm, sessile. Seeds in two rows per locule, brown, ellipsoid, 1.4-1.8 mm, inconspicuously pitted. Fl. May-Nov, fr. Jun-Nov. 2n = 14, permanent translocation heterozygote; self-compatible, mostly autogamous.
More
Annual or biennial (possibly sometimes short-lived perennial) herb, with stout taproot. Stems to c. 75 cm tall, not or sparingly branched, white-pilose and with short glandular hairs in upper part. Rosette lvs numerous, 0 at flowering, sessile, 3-15 × 0.4-1 cm, narrow-linear to narrow-oblanceolate, glabrous excluding margins; midrib pale; margins undulate, ciliolate, sparsely denticulate, ± undulate. Cauline lvs similar but usually shorter and to 1.6 cm wide towards base, the upper lvs often hairy below. Fls solitary, sessile, crepuscular but lasting well into the next day; subtending lf sheath-like at base and obscuring lower part of ovary, with hairs as on stem. Floral tube 2-3 cm long, narrow-cylindric, with hairs as on stem. Buds narrowly oblong, erect. Sepals 1.7-2.7 cm long, ± reddish, with hairs as on stem; apices mucronate, erect or divergent. Petals 2.5-3.5 cm long, broad-obovate, yellow, ageing to orange-red. Style exserted by 1.5-2 cm. Capsule 2-2.5 cm long, widening slightly in upper 1/2, sometimes curved, ± reddish, slightly ribbed, with long and short hairs. Seeds 1-1.7 mm long, irregular but somewhat ellipsoid, finely reticulate.
Annual or short-lived perennial, 0.3-1.0 m high; forming a rosette, several stout stems from taproot; villous. Cauline leaves lanceolate, apex acute, sessile. Flowers in axils of much reduced upper leaves, mature buds erect. Floral tube up to 45 mm long, slender. Sepals with free tips ± 2 mm long. Petals 15-32 mm long, fading reddish. Flowering time Sept.-Apr. Fruit a capsule, up to 40 x 4 mm, enlarged upward. Seeds 1-5 mm long, obovoid, brown, 1 row in each locule.
It may be distinguished from all other species of the family in Malesia by its combination of a long floral tube and yellow petals; the flowers open at sunset.
See Oenothera stricta subsp. stricta
Life form
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 1.0
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 11 - 22
Germination temperacture (C°) 20 - 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Oenothera stricta habit picture by Max Max Roosens (cc-by-sa)
Oenothera stricta habit picture by Bernard Fabier (cc-by-sa)
Oenothera stricta habit picture by doumé (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Oenothera stricta leaf picture by Hélène Rabin (cc-by-sa)
Oenothera stricta leaf picture by Nikipedia (cc-by-sa)
Oenothera stricta leaf picture by Nikipedia (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Oenothera stricta flower picture by Dimitri Burdin (cc-by-sa)
Oenothera stricta flower picture by Christophe De Barbarin (cc-by-sa)
Oenothera stricta flower picture by Hélène Rabin (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Oenothera stricta world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Chile, China, Germany, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Italy, Japan, Libya, Sri Lanka, Lesotho, Morocco, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Réunion, Russian Federation, Sweden, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:614101-1
WFO ID wfo-0000389754
COL ID 48Y89
BDTFX ID 44566
INPN ID 109965
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Oenothera bulgarica Oenothera glabrescens Oenothera agari Raimannia arguta Oenothera sulfurea Oenothera bracteata Oenothera valdiviana Oenothera arguta Oenothera propinqua Oenothera polymorpha var. stricta Oenothera stricta subsp. stricta Oenothera propinqua var. parsiflora Oenothera polymorpha var. brachysepala Oenothera stricta

Lower taxons

Oenothera stricta subsp. altissima