Oleandra distenta Kunze

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Oleandraceae > Oleandra

Characteristics

Plants epilithic. Rhizome scandent, irregularly laterally branched, to 1 m, or longer, to 3.5 mm in diameter, variously set with long, usually unbranched wiry roots, phyllopodia to 12 mm long and up to 50 mm apart, and scales, scales chartaceous, castaneous near the point of attachment, somewhat paler along the margin, appressed, imbricate, peltate, lanceolate, fimbriate, apex terminates in an oblong thin-walled cell, to 5.5 mm long, to 1.2 mm wide. Fronds pendent, to 290 mm long; stipe firm, articulated to the phyllopodia, articulation swollen, stramineous, adaxially sulcate, to 22 mm long, to 1.2 mm in diameter, sparsely set with scales similar to, but smaller than, those on the rhizome; lamina herbaceous, simple, oblong-attenuate to oblong-caudate, cuneate to acute, entire to shallowly repand, to 265 mm long, to 42 mm wide, adaxially and abaxially initially set with scales and hairs, scales membranous, ferrugineous to stramineous, sessile, basally attached, lanceolate to cordate, truncate to cordate, margins variously fimbriate, the apices of which terminate in an oblong thin-walled cell, to 2.5 mm long, occurring along the costa, and simple, multicellular, uniseriate hairs to 0.8 mm long, occurring on the lamina surface and margin, these soon become abraded; costa adaxially shallowly sulcate, pronounced abaxially. Venation anadromous, evident, pinnately forked, free, branches ending in or near the margin. Sori circular, inframedial on the acroscopic vein branch, scattered in a line parallel to, and on both sides of, the costa. Sporangium long-stalked, stalk simple or with one to three glandular cells and/or a filiform outgrowth near the capsule, 3-seriate below the capsule, capsule globose in lateral view, with (13-)14(-15) indurated annulus cells, epistomium 4(-6)-celled, hypostomium 4(-5)-celled. Indusium crustaceous, castaneous, persistent, reniform, entire, to 1 mm in diameter. Spores elliptic, monolete, perispore with wing-like folds, echinate, porate, (34-)37.3(-40) x (22-)27.1(-30) µm.
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Rhizome scandent, irregularly branched, up to 1 m long, or longer, up to 3.5 mm in diam., with long unbranched wiry roots, phyllopodia up to 12 mm long and up to 50 mm apart; scales castaneous, somewhat paler along margins, appressed, imbricate, peltate, lanceolate, up to 5.5 x 1.2 mm, fimbriate. Fronds erect or pendant, up to 290 mm long. Stipe articulated, articulation swollen, stipe firm, stramineous, adaxially sulcate, up to 22 x 1.2 mm, sparsely scaled. Laminae herbaceous, simple, oblong-attenuate to oblong-caudate, entire to shallowly repand, up to 265 x 42 mm, adaxially and abaxially initially set with scales and hairs, scales ferruginous to stramineous, sessile, lanceolate to cordate, fimbriate, up to 2.5 mm long, along the costae, and simple multicellular hairs up to 0.8 mm long, occurring on lamina surface and margins, these soon abraded. Costae adaxially shallowly sulcate, pronounced abaxially; venation evident, pinnately forked, free. Sori circular, inframedial on acroscopic vein branches, scattered in a line parallel to, and on both sides of costa. Indusium castaneous, persistent, reniform, up to 1 mm in diam., entire.
Rhizome very widely creeping, up to 4 mm in diameter, sometimes producing short side-branches, set with appressed (rarely squarrose), narrowly lanceolate, attenuate, variously ciliate rhizome-scales c. 5 mm long with a darker area around point of attachment. Fronds tufted or spaced, thinly membranous to thinly coriaceous, articulated, deciduous; stipe stramineous, up to 45 mm long, with or without scales; lamina usually with caudate apex and broadly cuneate base, subentire to undulate, up to 330 x 65 mm, upper surface glabrous at maturity, lower surface glabrous or thinly pubescent with minute hairs; costa prominent below, stramineous to light castaneous. Sori circular, up to 2 mm in diameter, set in an irregular line; indusia glabrous to glandular, brown, entire, up to 1.5 mm in diameter.
Epilithic or occasionally epiphytic. Rhizome very widely creeping, branched. Leaves many, tufted or widely spaced, arching to rarely erect, deciduous, articulated, simple, narrowly linear-ovate to oblong-elliptic, 140-300 x 15-53 mm. Sporangia in circular sori borne in irregular row on each side of midrib, with round, entire indusium.
Rhizome very widely creeping, set with appressed rhizome scales. Fronds simple, tufted or spaced. Sori superficial on veins, set in an irregular line. Stipe up to 45 mm long. Lamina up to 330 x 65 mm, apex caudate, base broadly cuneate.
Epiphyte
Life form -
Growth form herb
Growth support epiphyte
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) -
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Especially on oil palms in forest; up to 4, 500 ft. alt.
Light -
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 7-9
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
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Optimum temperature (C°) -
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Images

Leaf

Oleandra distenta leaf picture by Bernard REYNAUD (cc-by-sa)
Oleandra distenta leaf picture by Augustin Soulard (cc-by-sa)
Oleandra distenta leaf picture by Matthieu Gebus (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Oleandra distenta world distribution map, present in Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Comoros, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Mayotte, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Sao Tome and Principe, eSwatini, Seychelles, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17165610-1
WFO ID wfo-0001110687
COL ID 493PZ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 706593
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Oleandra densifrons Oleandra africana Oleandra madagascarica Oleandra welwitschii Oleandra articulata var. welwitschii Oleandra distenta var. hirsuta Oleandra distenta

Lower taxons

Oleandra distenta var. villosa