Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv.

Basketgrass (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Oplismenus

Characteristics

Perennials with decumbent stems, forming a loose mat; branching intravaginal. Leaf-sheath light green to purplish, membranous, striate, often with scattered short hairs or long tubercle-based hairs, margins often darker purplish brown, densely short-ciliate or hairs scattered, short. Ligule 0.6-1.5 mm, truncate, erose, ciliate, or hairs few, short centrally and longer near margins. Leaf-blade with short, fine, evenly spaced hairs throughout or only on one surface, and often with scattered, long, tubercle-based hairs, rarely glabrous, gradually narrowed to acute tip; midrib obscure in upper ½, variously pubescent or glabrous. Culm nodes pubescent, internodes finely ridged, minutely scabrid on ridges below panicle. Panicle raceme-like; rachis bearing ± distant to approximate small clusters of spikelets and sometimes racemelets below and paired to solitary spikelets above; racemelets composed of a few contiguous spikelet-pairs usually < 3 mm apart; rachis and branches finely scabrid on angles, long tubercle-based hairs at spikelet axils or on pedicels. Spikelets light green to purple above, awned; awns short, straight, glabrous. Glumes 1.5-2.5 mm, membranous, often with scattered tubercle-based hairs, often ciliate above and at base; lower 3-5-nerved, always awned (awn (1.5)-3-9 mm), upper (3)-5-(7)-nerved, acute, or mucronate to awned. Lower floret Ø: lemma 2-3 mm, 5-7-(9)-nerved, = spikelet, shortly awned, shortly mucronate or acute; palea ½ length of lemma or 0. Upper floret ☿: lemma and palea chartaceous, ≈ spikelet; anthers c. 1-2 mm; gynoecium: ovary 0.5 mm, stigma-styles 2-3.5 mm; caryopsis c. 1.5 mm.
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Widely spreading perennial; culms with short internodes, freely branching, decumbent-spreading and rooting at the nodes, the erect or ascending branches 20-70 cm. long; sheaths glabrous to densely papillose-hispid, the margins ciliate, the lower ones usually much shorter than the internodes, the upper frequently overlapping; blades 4-10 cm., rarely 15 cm., long, 1-2 cm. wide, acuminate, usually asymmetric, rather thin, glabrous or sometimes pubescent, the margins scabrous; inflorescence 5-15 cm. long, of 3-7 stiffly ascending, rather distant racemes 1-2 cm., rarely 3 cm., long, the rachis more or less papillose-hispid, es-pecially at the base; spikelets 3-3.5 mm. long, glabrous to sparsely pilose; glumes about equal, 2 mm. long; awns glabrous, usually purplish, that of the first glume 5-10 cm. long, that of the second about 2 mm. long; sterile lemma acuminate; fruit 3 mm. long, elliptic, acute, minutely striate.
Prostrate perennial, sometimes climbing in undergrowth; culm 150-800 mm long. Leaf blade up to 130 x 4-20 mm; ligule a fringed membrane. Inflorescence of elongated racemes with 6-20 spikelets, usually scattered and distant on a slender central axis. Spikelet 2-4 mm long; glumes ± equal, similar, shorter than spikelet, 3-5-nerved, with smooth sticky awns; lower glume with longest awn, 3-14 mm long. Florets 2; lower floret sterile or rarely male; upper floret bisexual, lemma smooth, shining, margins inrolled and clasping palea, awnless; anther 1.4-2.5 mm long. Flowering time Jan.-June. (rarely at other times.
Perennial with rambling culms 15–100 cm. long or more.. Leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1–13 cm. long, 4–20 mm. wide.. Inflorescence 3–15 cm. long, comprising 3–9 racemes each 0.5–3 cm. long with glabrous to sparsely pilose rhachis and ± contiguous spikelets, or the upper reduced to fascicles; sometimes all the racemes very short, but then the awns also short (less than 7 mm.).. Spikelets lanceolate, 2–4 mm. long, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; glumes with smooth viscid awns, the longest in each pair of spikelets 3–14 mm. long.
Prostrate perennial, sometimes climbing in undergrowth; culm 150800 mm long. Leaf blade to 130 x 4-20 mm. Inflorescence 60180 mm long; racemes elongated, up 300 mm long; 6-20 spikelets. Spikelet 2-4 mm long; glumes with smooth sticky awns, longest awn 3-14 mm long; lower lemma awn 0.5-1.2 mm long; anther 1.4-2.5 mm long.
Prostrate perennial (sometimes climbing in undergrowth), up to 0.8 m high. Leaf blades up to 130 mm long, 4-20 mm wide. Spikelets 2-4 mm long. Inflorescence of racemes, with 6-20 spikelets; glumes with smooth sticky awns 3-14 mm long.
Racemes with a distinct rhachis up to 3 cm. long, the spikelet pairs contiguous; rarely the racemes all ± cuneate, but then awns also short.
Spikelets 2–4 mm. long, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; awns smooth and sticky, the longest in each pair of spikelets 3–14 mm.
Rather variable, particularly in the size, shape and hairiness of its leaf-blades, and also in panicle characters.
Trailing perennial, stems to 80 cm. Leaves lanceolate to ovate. Spikelets 6-20 in racemes, awns smooth, sticky.
Rambling perennial with lanceolate to narrowly ovate leaf laminae.
Straggling, often with long aerial roots from the nodes
Culms 15–100 cm. long or more.
Forest shade.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.48 - 0.9
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use material medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Oplismenus hirtellus unspecified picture

Distribution

Oplismenus hirtellus world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, China, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius, Norfolk Island, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nauru, New Zealand, Panama, Pitcairn, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Paraguay, Réunion, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Sierra Leone, Suriname, eSwatini, Togo, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1004002-1
WFO ID wfo-0000882092
COL ID 74RRV
BDTFX ID 47533
INPN ID 159756
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Hippagrostis hirtella Milium undulatifolium Oplismenus aemulus Oplismenus africanus Oplismenus aristulatus Oplismenus barbifultus Oplismenus cubensis Oplismenus flaccidus Oplismenus foliaceus Oplismenus hirtellus Oplismenus imbecillis Oplismenus loliaceus Oplismenus microphyllus Oplismenus oahuaensis Oplismenus parvifolius Oplismenus psilostachys Oplismenus tsushimensis Orthopogon aemulus Orthopogon africanus Orthopogon cubensis Orthopogon flaccidus Orthopogon loliaceus Orthopogon velutinus Panicum aemulum Panicum africanum Panicum brevisetum Panicum foliaceum Panicum hirtellum Panicum incanum Panicum oahuaense Panicum raddianum Setaria hirtella Oplismenus acuminatus Oplismenus latifolius Oplismenus minor Panicum acuminatissimum Panicum imbecille Panicum nuttallianum Echinochloa cubensis Hekaterosachne elatior Hippagrostis loliacea Oplismenus borhidii Oplismenus brasiliensis Oplismenus brevisetus Oplismenus chondrosioides Oplismenus depauperatus Orthopogon hirtellus Orthopogon imbecillis Orthopogon parvifolius Panicum barbifultum Panicum cubense Panicum flaccidum Panicum loliaceum Setaria ocreata Oplismenus hirtellus f. hirtellus Panicum velutinum Oplismenus velutinus Panicum balfourii Orthopogon hirtellus Oplismenus aemulus var. densiflorus Oplismenus aemulus var. flaccidus Oplismenus aemulus var. lasiorhachis Oplismenus compositus var. loliaceus Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. acuminatus Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. capensis Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. fasciculatus Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. imbecillis Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. loliaceus Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. microphyllus Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. psilostachys Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. tsushimensis Oplismenus hirtellus var. imbecillis Oplismenus hirtellus var. microphyllus Oplismenus undulatifolius var. imbecillis Oplismenus undulatifolius var. microphyllus Oplismenus hirtellus f. imbecillis Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. hirtellus Oplismenus compositus var. imbecilis Oplismenus setarius var. imbecillis Oplismenus undulatifolius var. lanceolatus Oplismenus imbecillis var. morrisonensis Panicum undulatifolium var. imbecille Oplismenus hirtellus var. hirtellus Oplismenus hirtellus f. lanceolatus