Oxyria digyna Hill

Wood sorrel (en), Oxyrie à deux stigmates (fr), Oxyria à deux styles (fr), Patience à deux stigmates (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Polygonaceae > Oxyria

Characteristics

Herbs perennial. Rhizomes stout, 5-10 mm in diam. Stems solitary or several from rhizome, erect, 15-30 cm tall, usually glabrous. Leaves nearly all basal; petiole 3-12 cm; leaf blade reniform or orbicular-reniform, 1.5-3 × 2-4 cm, papery, abaxially sparsely hirtellous along veins, adaxially glabrous, base broadly cordate, margin subentire, apex obtuse; cauline ones usually rudimentary; ocrea shortly tubular, membranous, apex oblique. Inflorescence terminal, paniculate; bracts membranous, each 2-5-flowered. Pedicels slender, articulate below middle. Flowers bisexual. Perianth greenish or pinkish; outer tepals smaller, deflexed; inner ones accrescent in fruit, obovate, appressed. Filaments dilated at base. Achenes ovoid, broadly winged at margin, 4-6 mm in diam.; wings pink, membranous, denticulate. Fl. Jun-Oct, fr. Jul-Nov. 2n = 14, 42.
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Plants (3-)5-50 cm. Stems 1-4(-8), often reddish, simple or branched distally. Leaves rarely 1-2 on stems, somewhat fleshy; ocrea hyaline or brownish hyaline, 2.5-10 mm, glabrous; petiole 1-15 cm; blade palmately veined with (5-)7(-9) basal veins, 0.5-6.5 × 0.5-6 cm, base cordate, apex rounded. Inflorescences (1-)2-20 cm; peduncle 1-17 cm. Pedicels spreading or reflexed, jointed proximal to middle, (1-)3-5 mm. Flowers 2-6 per ocreate fascicle; perianth 1-2.5 mm; outer 2 tepals spreading in fruit, navicular, 1.2-1.7 × 0.5-1 mm, inner 2 tepals appressed in fruit, broadly elliptic to orbiculate or obovate, 1.4-2.5 × 0.7-1.6 mm; stamens 1.5-2 mm; anthers 0.3-0.8(-1.1) mm; stigmas conspicuously exserted at anthesis, red. Achenes 3-4.5 × 2.5-5 mm including 2 wings, apex notched; wings reddish or pinkish, veiny. 2n = 14.
A small herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It has a short rootstock 1 cm thick. It forms clumps. The leaf stems are long. The leaves are kidney-shaped and green and succulent. The leaves are mostly at the base and 2.5-5 cm across. The leaves are often tinted red. The stems have few leaves. The stems are 10-30 cm long and the flowers are green or reddish. They are 2 mm across. The fruit becomes red with papery wings. They are 6 mm across.
Stem 1–4 dm; lvs 3–5 cm long and wide, palmately veined; fls 1 mm; fr orbicular, 3–4 mm, turning red; 2n=14. Moist, rocky slopes and ledges; circumboreal, s. in our range to N.S. and n. N.H. Summer.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.3
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.45
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows to 64°-80° north in North America. It grows in Arctic and alpine regions in the Rocky Mountains. In the Himalayas it grows between 2,400-5,000 m altitude. It often grows on the gravel bars of creeks and river valleys. It suits hardiness zones 2-8.
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Damp rocky places on mountains, especially by streams, avoiding acid soils. Locally common on enriched soils below bird roosts.
Light 5-7
Soil humidity 5-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 2-7

Usage

The young leaves can be eaten raw in salads. They are often mixed with salt and chilli. More mature leaves are cooked and eaten. They are lightly cooked in soups. They are used for chutney. They are also fermented and eaten like sauerkraut. The seeds are used in small amounts in bread making.
Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible leaves seeds stems
Therapeutic use Cancer (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 17 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Oxyria digyna habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Oxyria digyna habit picture by Olivier Le Gall (cc-by-sa)
Oxyria digyna habit picture by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Oxyria digyna leaf picture by christine Lesca Maillard (cc-by-sa)
Oxyria digyna leaf picture by Lee Jones (cc-by-sa)
Oxyria digyna leaf picture by Emanuele Santarelli (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Oxyria digyna flower picture by Tom Spruit (cc-by-sa)
Oxyria digyna flower picture by Elke K (cc-by-sa)
Oxyria digyna flower picture by Jacques Zuber (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Oxyria digyna fruit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Oxyria digyna world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bhutan, Canada, Switzerland, China, Germany, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Greenland, Croatia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Nepal, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Tajikistan, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:694858-1
WFO ID wfo-0000388320
COL ID 4BK2P
BDTFX ID 47220
INPN ID 111960
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rumex digynus Lapathum digynum Donia digyna Acetosa digyna Oxyria elatior Oxyria reniformis Rheum digynum Donia sapida Oxyria digyna f. elatior Oxyria reniformis var. elatior Oxyria digyna