Panicum virgatum L.

Switchgrass (en), Panic dressé (fr), Panic en baguette (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Poales > Poaceae > Panicum

Characteristics

Perennial with scaly rhizomes. Culms tough, erect, 60–200 cm tall, usually unbranched, nodes glabrous or pubescent. Leaves basal and cauline; leaf sheaths rounded, glabrous; leaf blades linear, flat, 20–40 × 0.3–1.5 cm, glabrous, apex acuminate; ligule 1.5–7 mm, a ciliate fringe, membranous at the base. Panicle open, oblong or rhomboid in outline, 15–55 cm, the spikelets often clustered on the secondary branches. Spikelets ovate, 3–5 mm, glabrous; glumes ovate, acuminate; lower glume 2/3–3/4 length of spikelet, 5-veined; upper glume as long as spikelet, 5-veined; lower floret staminate, lemma similar to upper glume, 5–7-veined, palea well developed; upper floret pale, shiny. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct. 2n = 21, 25, 30, 32, 36, 72.
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Stout, erect, to 2 m, from hard, scaly rhizomes, often forming large tufts; ligule a dense zone of silky hairs; blades 2–5 dm, to 15 mm wide; glabrous or pilose near the base; infl open, freely branched, pyramidal, 2–4 dm; spikelets ovoid, soon widened distally by spreading of the glumes and sterile lemma, 2.2–5.6 mm; first glume half to nearly as long; second glume and sterile lemma subequal, conspicuously veined, acute to long-acuminate; 2n=18–108. Open woods, prairies, dunes, shores, and brackish marshes; N.S. and Que. to Man. and Mont., s. to Ariz., Mex
A grass. It grows 2.1 m tall. It forms large clumps and has rhizomes or underground runners. The leaf blades are 60 cm long by 6 mm wide. The flowering shoots are 50 cm long. They are open or spreading. The spikelets are 5 mm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.25 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 1.85
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.75
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

Found in both wet and dry soils in prairies and open woods, gravel bars and stream banks and along railroad tracks.
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It is a temperate plant. It suits semi-arid regions.
Not known
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use fodder food forage fuel gene source medicinal
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 84
Germination temperacture (C°) -5 - 3
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) 17 - 29
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Panicum virgatum leaf picture by Eric Le5 (cc-by-sa)
Panicum virgatum leaf picture by anna vercauteren (cc-by-sa)
Panicum virgatum leaf picture by Stephanie Rickey (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Panicum virgatum flower picture by Straka Kelli (cc-by-sa)
Panicum virgatum flower picture by benoit doury (cc-by-sa)
Panicum virgatum flower picture by Will Smith (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Panicum virgatum fruit picture by Vas Littlecrow Wojtanowicz (cc-by-sa)
Panicum virgatum fruit picture by Mart Rats (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Panicum virgatum world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Austria, Belize, Bermuda, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Cuba, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Honduras, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nicaragua, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:413537-1
WFO ID wfo-0000886863
COL ID 6TML2
BDTFX ID 47660
INPN ID 112259
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ichnanthus glaber Eatonia purpurascens Milium virgatum Panicum pruinosum Chasea virgata Panicum buchingeri Panicum giganteum Panicum ichnanthoides Panicum glaberrimum Panicum kunthii Panicum coloratum Milium virgatum var. elongatum Panicum virgatum subsp. cubense Panicum virgatum var. breviramosum Panicum virgatum var. confertum Panicum virgatum var. cubense Panicum virgatum var. diffusum Panicum virgatum var. elongatum Panicum virgatum var. glauciphyllum Panicum virgatum var. obtusum Panicum virgatum var. scorteum Panicum virgatum var. spissum Panicum virgatum var. thyrsiforme Panicum virgatum var. virgatum Panicum virgatum