Paranephelium xestophyllum Miq.

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Paranephelium

Characteristics

(Shrub to) tree up to 20(-40) m high, dbh 10-45 (-75) cm, often with stiltroots up to 60 cm, or with buttresses up to 70 cm high. Twigs 3-10 mm in diam., mostly light brown, minutely laxly hairy to glabrous (up to dark yellow tomentose). Leaves 1-6-jugate, ± densely minutely hairy on the axes; petiole 0.8-17 cm by 1-4 mm; petiolules 1-20 by 0.8-4 mm. Leaflets elliptic (or in the lowermost pair ovate), 3-42 by 1.1-14 cm, index 1.4-5, thick papery, the midrib minutely hairy on both sides, mainly at the base, (hairy on the nerves beneath); base symmetrical (or strongly asymmetrical in the lowermost pair), narrowly cuneate to obtuse, attenuate or not; margin entire, (± undulate); apex acute to rounded, acuminate or not; midrib above ± raised in a furrow to slightly prominent, nerves sunken or flat to slightly raised in a groove, veins ± laxly reticulate to scalariform. Inflorescences usually ramiflorous (to axillary to terminal), delicate and clustered, 2-30 cm long, laxly to densely velutinous and hispid. Flowers fragrant, white to greenish white to yellowish. Sepals (4 or) 5 (or 6), connate at base to free, equal to very unequal, deltate or narrowly triangular to broadly ovate (to linear), acute to acuminate, (2-tipped), 0.8-2 by 0.5-1.8 mm. Petals (4 or) 5(-7), variably shaped, 1-2.5 by 0.7-2.7 mm, outside glabrous (to woolly); scale (emarginate to) divided into 2 lobes, 1.1-2.2 by 1.2-3 mm. Disc 0.7-1.5 mm high, 1-2.8 mm in diam., (at the base with a few hair tufts alternating with the petals). Stamens 5-8 (or 9); filaments up to 4 mm long. Pistil with (2 or) 3 (or 4) locules. Fruits up to 7 cm in diam., 2-or 3-lobed or globular, brown, yellow, or grey, smooth or laxly to densely ± irregularly gibbose, or warty to spiny, glabrous.
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A tree. It grows up to 40 m high. The trunk can be 75 cm across. It often has stilt roots up to 60 cm long. There can be buttresses 70 cm high. The twigs have small hairs. The leaves have 1-6 leaflets on each side of the stalk. The leaflets are opposite. They are oval can taper to the tip or be rounded. They taper to the base. Leaves are 3-42 cm long by 1.1-14 cm wide. The flowering clusters are usually on the branches. They are 2-30 cm long and hairy. The fruit are 7 cm across. They have 2-3 lobes.
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 20.0
Root system -
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Understorey tree of various kinds of forest, often along rivers, rarely in often seasonal swamps, also on hill slopes, rarely on dry ridges or summits, typical of wetter soils; at elevations from sea level to 300 metres, occ to 1,100 metres.
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A tropical plant. It is an under-storey tree in forests. It grows from sea level to 1,100 m above sea level. It grows on sandy soils and also on limestone.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-9
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses Good firewood but rarely used for timber. From the seeds lamp oil can be pressed, and they are edible when baked or boiled.
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The seeds can be baked or boiled for eating.
Uses oil timber wood
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
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Distribution

Paranephelium xestophyllum world distribution map, present in China, Algeria, Indonesia, Iceland, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Paranephelium xestophyllum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:784045-1
WFO ID wfo-0000471137
COL ID 4D5VV
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Nephelium forbesii Paranephelium nitidum Paranephelium gibbosum Paranephelium poilanei Paranephelium xestophyllum Pometia forbesii Scyphopetalum ramiflorum Paranephelium longifoliolatum